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Ecology > Chapter 4 - Variation in Temperature/Water > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Variation in Temperature/Water Flashcards

1
Q

Tolerance

A

Coping with environment

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2
Q

Physiological Ecology

A

Organisms survival and persistence in physical environment

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3
Q

Ecological Success

A

Survival, reproduction, and metabolic function

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4
Q

Environmental Conditions

A

Temperature, water supply, chemical concentrations

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5
Q

Climate Range

A

Range under which species occur

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6
Q

Stress

A

Lowered potential for survival, decreases rate of an important physiological process and lowers growth and reproduction

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7
Q

Hypoxia

A

Altitude sickness

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8
Q

Acclimatization

A

Physiological, morphological, or behavioral that lessens effects of environmental changes by minimizing stress, short, and reversible process

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9
Q

Adaptation

A

Long-term change

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10
Q

Ecotypes

A

Populations with unique environmental adaptations

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11
Q

Dormancy

A

Little to no metabolic activity

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12
Q

Isozymes

A

Different enzyme forms, response to temperature change

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13
Q

Conduction

A

Direct transfer of energy from warmer molecules

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14
Q

Convection

A

Heat energy carried via water and air

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15
Q

Plant Energy Balance

A

Leaf adjustment, control rate of transpirational rate loss, leaf surface reflective properties, orientation, roughness

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16
Q

Transpiration

A

Cooling, guard cell controlled, requires supply of water

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17
Q

Stomata

A

Uptake CO2, release H2O

18
Q

Pubescence

A

Alter reflective properties, light colored hair on leaf surface, lowers radiation, lowers effective heat loss, dryer environments

19
Q

Boundary Layer

A

Lowers convective heat loss, zone of turbulent flow, air experiences more friction

20
Q

Evaporative Cooling

A

Sweating, licking

21
Q

Ectotherms

A

Regulate through external energy, greater tolerance for variation

22
Q

Endotherms

A

Regulate their own body temperature, birds/mammals

23
Q

Larger Surface-Area-Volume Ratio

A

Allows greater exchange of heat, but harder to maintain temperature, imposes body size limitations on ectotherms

24
Q

Insulation

A

Evolution of endothermy, birds and mammals, retain heat

25
Q

Torpor

A

Stage of dormancy, small endotherms, lower critical temperatures during cold, hibernation, denning

26
Q

Salt Content

A

Balance tied to water movement

27
Q

Cell Wall

A

Water balance, positive turgor pressure

28
Q

Freshwater Animals

A

Hyperosmotic, gain water, lose salt

29
Q

Invertebrates

A

Higher tolerance for water loss than vertebrates

30
Q

Amphibians

A

Rely on water balance, thin skin

31
Q

Kangaroo Rat

A

Low water intake, oxidative metabolism into water, concentrated urine

32
Q

Small Size

A

Slow growth rate, poor competitive abilities

33
Q

What determines the boundaries of species ranges?

A

Availability of hosts, physical barriers, climate, biotic relationships, predators, food

34
Q

Ecological Niche

A

The totality of an organism’s adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is fitted

35
Q

Habitat

A

The local environment in which an organism lives

36
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

The potential, idealized ecological niche of an organism

37
Q

Realized Niche

A

The lifestyle an organism actually pursues and the resources it actually uses

38
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

Competition among individuals whiten a population

39
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

Competition among species

40
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

Coexisting species’ niches differ from each other in one or more ways

41
Q

Acclimation

A

Lab

42
Q

Trade-off

A

Acclimatization and adaptation represent trade-off with other functions that may negatively affect survival and reproduction

Ecology (11 decks)

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