Chapter 4 - Variation in Temperature/Water

Question 1

Tolerance

Answer 1

Coping with environment

Question 2

Physiological Ecology

Answer 2

Organisms survival and persistence in physical environment

Question 3

Ecological Success

Answer 3

Survival, reproduction, and metabolic function

Question 4

Environmental Conditions

Answer 4

Temperature, water supply, chemical concentrations

Question 5

Climate Range

Answer 5

Range under which species occur

Question 6

Stress

Answer 6

Lowered potential for survival, decreases rate of an important physiological process and lowers growth and reproduction

Question 7

Hypoxia

Answer 7

Altitude sickness

Question 8

Acclimatization

Answer 8

Physiological, morphological, or behavioral that lessens effects of environmental changes by minimizing stress, short, and reversible process

Question 9

Adaptation

Answer 9

Long-term change

Question 10

Ecotypes

Answer 10

Populations with unique environmental adaptations

Question 11

Dormancy

Answer 11

Little to no metabolic activity

Question 12

Isozymes

Answer 12

Different enzyme forms, response to temperature change

Question 13

Conduction

Answer 13

Direct transfer of energy from warmer molecules

Question 14

Convection

Answer 14

Heat energy carried via water and air

Question 15

Plant Energy Balance

Answer 15

Leaf adjustment, control rate of transpirational rate loss, leaf surface reflective properties, orientation, roughness

Question 16

Transpiration

Answer 16

Cooling, guard cell controlled, requires supply of water

Question 17

Stomata

Answer 17

Uptake CO2, release H2O

Question 18

Pubescence

Answer 18

Alter reflective properties, light colored hair on leaf surface, lowers radiation, lowers effective heat loss, dryer environments

Question 19

Boundary Layer

Answer 19

Lowers convective heat loss, zone of turbulent flow, air experiences more friction

Question 20

Evaporative Cooling

Answer 20

Sweating, licking

Question 21

Ectotherms

Answer 21

Regulate through external energy, greater tolerance for variation

Question 22

Endotherms

Answer 22

Regulate their own body temperature, birds/mammals

Question 23

Larger Surface-Area-Volume Ratio

Answer 23

Allows greater exchange of heat, but harder to maintain temperature, imposes body size limitations on ectotherms

Question 24

Insulation

Answer 24

Evolution of endothermy, birds and mammals, retain heat

Question 25

Torpor

Answer 25

Stage of dormancy, small endotherms, lower critical temperatures during cold, hibernation, denning

Question 26

Salt Content

Answer 26

Balance tied to water movement

Question 27

Cell Wall

Answer 27

Water balance, positive turgor pressure

Question 28

Freshwater Animals

Answer 28

Hyperosmotic, gain water, lose salt

Question 29

Invertebrates

Answer 29

Higher tolerance for water loss than vertebrates

Question 30

Amphibians

Answer 30

Rely on water balance, thin skin

Question 31

Kangaroo Rat

Answer 31

Low water intake, oxidative metabolism into water, concentrated urine

Question 32

Small Size

Answer 32

Slow growth rate, poor competitive abilities

Question 33

What determines the boundaries of species ranges?

Answer 33

Availability of hosts, physical barriers, climate, biotic relationships, predators, food

Question 34

Ecological Niche

Answer 34

The totality of an organism's adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is fitted

Question 35

Habitat

Answer 35

The local environment in which an organism lives

Question 36

Fundamental Niche

Answer 36

The potential, idealized ecological niche of an organism

Question 37

Realized Niche

Answer 37

The lifestyle an organism actually pursues and the resources it actually uses

Question 38

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 38

Competition among individuals whiten a population

Question 39

Interspecific Competition

Answer 39

Competition among species

Question 40

Resource Partitioning

Answer 40

Coexisting species' niches differ from each other in one or more ways

Question 41

Acclimation

Answer 41

Lab

Question 42

Trade-off

Answer 42

Acclimatization and adaptation represent trade-off with other functions that may negatively affect survival and reproduction