Chapter 5 Energy

Question 1

Define metabolism.

Answer 1

encompasses all the chemical reactions involved in the capture, storage, and utilization of energy in a cell… Metabolism is the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy.

Question 2

How does energy flow from producers to consumers in a food chain or web.

Answer 2

Sunlight feeds the plants through photosynthesis, which is then consumed by animals who eat the plants. The animals who eat the plants are then eaten by other animals, which then works up the food chain.

Question 3

kinetic energy

Answer 3

-the energy an object has because of its motion
-Heat is a form of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules
-Ex. Diver diving off platform hits the water. The diver releases heat into the air and water

Question 4

potential energy

Answer 4

-Stored energy
-Ex. Water behind a dam, chemical bond, diver at the top of a platform (spent energy to get to the top of the platform)

Question 5

In a sugar molecule, where is potential
energy stored?

Answer 5

phosphate bonds

Question 6

How does a living organism convert this potential energy into kinetic energy? How is ATP involved in this process?

Question 7

What are energy carriers?

Answer 7

convenient forms of stored energy
EX: electricity and heat

Question 8

What is structure of ATP? Where is energy stored in ATP?

Answer 8

The structure of ATP consists of an organic molecule called adenosine and a triphosphate tail of three phosphate groups. ATP stores energy in the covalent bonds that link the phosphate groups.

Question 9

Name a couple of processes in the cell that requires ATP.

Answer 9

Calvin Cycle

Question 10

Describe the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 10

1st Law- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it just changes form
2nd Law- Every energy transformation makes the universe less organized, more disordered