Chapter 5: Directing Flashcards
involves guiding and motivating other people to work toward a common goal. It is the heart of the management process that aims to build an effective work environment anchored on motivating, supervising, and disciplining in which managers instruct, guide, and oversee the performance of their employees to achieve predetermined goals
Directing
Tips for effective mangement:
> review each position in the pharmacy periodically
maintain good communications with employees to build positive work relationships
reward quality work
know your employees
the key factor in influencing human behavior that is anchored on needs, actions, and goals. An individual’s need or desire is what moves him or her to action.
Motivation
Factors influencing motivation:
Attainment Power Belonging Independence Respect Equity
Methods of non-monetary motivators:
Recognition Celebration Compelling mission Balance of achievement and challenge Increased responsibility
this allows them to work toward both short-and long-term goals, thus creating a record of achievement and growth
attainment
this will motivate them because they will feel that they are valued and taken seriously by the organization
power
sense of belonging motivates employees because they feel that they are contributing to the functionality of the group
belonging
employees must have work flexibility by having them set their own hours and choose projects
independence
employees must be given the opportunity to voice out their opinions and concerns
respect
it is a manager’s responsibility to treat every one of his or her employees fairly
equity
recognize employees’ contributions to the organization
recognition
celebrate both small and big victories of the organization
celebration
formulate a mission that everyone must accomplish
compelling mission
people must always be given room to grow so that they will not feel stuck or trapped
balance of achievement and challenge
allow employees to make decisions and produce results on their own so that they will be more motivated to do more than what is asked of them
increased responsibility
integral to how organizations achieve their goals; effectively communicate what, how, by whom, and when a task is to be done
communication
4 principles in effective communication:
> managers should always be impartial and consistent to gain the confidence of the employees
managers should show sincere interest in issues that are important to the employees to gain their respect
managers and employees should have good upward and downward communication
communication is 50% active listening
refers to a series of acts taken by the management to address unacceptable actions committed by employees
progressive discipline
a formal oral reprimand addressing the unsatisfactory behavior of an employee and its consequences
Verbal warming and Counseling
a more formal written warning which is the first formal step in a progressive discipline that may result in the eventual dismissal of the employee
Formal Written Warning
usually the last disciplinary action prior to dismissal
Final Written Warning
it is the temporary release of an employee from duty for a specific number of days without compensation
Suspension without Pay
the last course of action in disciplining employees
Termination/Dismissal
Successful handling of employee:
- quick recognition
- airing of complaints
- equitable resolution
> recognizing problems quickly
allowing grievances to vent themselves
equitably resolving the problems
shifting of an employee’s position from one to another without increasing or decreasing his/her responsibilities or pay
transfer
shifting of an employee to a new position that increases both his/her status and responsibilities
promotion
an employee is removed and is no longer a part of the business or organization, can be temporary or permanent, voluntary or involuntary
separation
temporary and voluntary, usually associated with negative business conditions
lay-off
may be permanently or involuntarily if he or she is not performing satisfactorily according to the standards of the business
discharge
done voluntarily or permanently, it stems from low salary and/or low morale
resignation
can be availed of voluntarily if the employee reaches a specific number of years of service or more based on company policies or involuntarily when one reaches the age of retirement, which is 65
retirement
it is an important concept that transcends all healthcare professions; is a critical component for positive change and development within pharmacy organizations and the profession
Leadership in Pharmacy
the ability to influence the actions of others is base on the interaction of the leader, the individual or group being led, and the situation in which both coexist. The purpose of _________ is to help individuals, groups, and organizations grow and develop.
Leadership
focuses on the personal characteristics of leaders
Traits model
traits model:
>physical >social background >pesonality >social characteristic >task-related characteristic
it is concerned with how a leader acts and the manner he or she leads a group
Behavioral Model/Leadership Style
- “I decide”
- manager retains absolute control
- he/she has little confidence in his/her employees’ ability to make decisions
- he/she usually hold few meetings
Autocratic Style
- “we decide”
- decision-making is shared between the manager and employees
- manager has great confidence in the employees
- he/she make decisions that consider the best interests of the organization
- he/she has no egoistical tendency in conducting the organization’s operations and making decisions
- he/she serves to improve the morale and motivation of the group
- he/she usually holds many meetings
Democratic Style
- “you decide”
- employees decide on their own within certain boundaries or limits
Free Rein Model
examines the relationship between the characteristics of a given situation and the leader’s behavior
>task orientation -a one-way form of communication
>relationship orientation - a two-way form of communication
>follower readiness or maturity
Contingency Model
refers to a manager’s or leader’s approach to directing the actions of employees
Leadership style
this style creates harmony and builds emotional bonds, a sense of belonging and security through feedback and reward systems, tends not to give negative criticism or deliver bad news to an employee, thus not allowing the latter to grow or change bad habits
Affiliative style
display self-confidence, empathy, and the ability to develop cooperation and teamwork among members when leading the organization/group.
Motivates the team toward a new vision by creating a trusting environment in which individuals know their role in accomplishing organizational goals.
Develops the end vision and goals while allowing the team to determine how to achieve them.
Authoritative style
focus to help employees improve their performance over time for the long-term.
The coach delegates responsibilities to subordinates for the dual purpose of achieving outcomes and accomplishing tasks, and encouraging employees to develop new skills
Coaching style
this style demands immediate compliance with orders and directives. Primarily associated with leaders displaying a strong sense of self-management but paying little attention to others in the group. Over time, has a negative impact on employee morale and, eventually, on productivity
Coercive Style
this style observes collaboration and teamwork to gain buy-in from constituents. They work priamrily under the participative management style. democratic leaders use social as the primary means for directing the activities of a group
Democratic style
pacesetters are more autocratic in their leadership style. They expect others to follow the same standards. The pacesetting leader predominantly uses the self-management skill
Pacesetting style
