Chapter 5: Directing

Question 1

involves guiding and motivating other people to work toward a common goal. It is the heart of the management process that aims to build an effective work environment anchored on motivating, supervising, and disciplining in which managers instruct, guide, and oversee the performance of their employees to achieve predetermined goals

Answer 1

Directing

Question 2

Tips for effective mangement:

Answer 2

> review each position in the pharmacy periodically
maintain good communications with employees to build positive work relationships
reward quality work
know your employees

Question 3

the key factor in influencing human behavior that is anchored on needs, actions, and goals. An individual’s need or desire is what moves him or her to action.

Answer 3

Motivation

Question 4

Factors influencing motivation:

Answer 4

Attainment
Power
Belonging
Independence 
Respect
Equity

Question 5

Methods of non-monetary motivators:

Answer 5

Recognition
Celebration
Compelling mission
Balance of achievement and challenge
Increased responsibility

Question 6

this allows them to work toward both short-and long-term goals, thus creating a record of achievement and growth

Answer 6

attainment

Question 7

this will motivate them because they will feel that they are valued and taken seriously by the organization

Answer 7

power

Question 8

sense of belonging motivates employees because they feel that they are contributing to the functionality of the group

Answer 8

belonging

Question 9

employees must have work flexibility by having them set their own hours and choose projects

Answer 9

independence

Question 10

employees must be given the opportunity to voice out their opinions and concerns

Answer 10

respect

Question 11

it is a manager’s responsibility to treat every one of his or her employees fairly

Answer 11

equity

Question 12

recognize employees’ contributions to the organization

Answer 12

recognition

Question 13

celebrate both small and big victories of the organization

Answer 13

celebration

Question 14

formulate a mission that everyone must accomplish

Answer 14

compelling mission

Question 15

people must always be given room to grow so that they will not feel stuck or trapped

Answer 15

balance of achievement and challenge

Question 16

allow employees to make decisions and produce results on their own so that they will be more motivated to do more than what is asked of them

Answer 16

increased responsibility

Question 17

integral to how organizations achieve their goals; effectively communicate what, how, by whom, and when a task is to be done

Answer 17

communication

Question 18

4 principles in effective communication:

Answer 18

> managers should always be impartial and consistent to gain the confidence of the employees
managers should show sincere interest in issues that are important to the employees to gain their respect
managers and employees should have good upward and downward communication
communication is 50% active listening

Question 19

refers to a series of acts taken by the management to address unacceptable actions committed by employees

Answer 19

progressive discipline

Question 20

a formal oral reprimand addressing the unsatisfactory behavior of an employee and its consequences

Answer 20

Verbal warming and Counseling

Question 21

a more formal written warning which is the first formal step in a progressive discipline that may result in the eventual dismissal of the employee

Answer 21

Formal Written Warning

Question 22

usually the last disciplinary action prior to dismissal

Answer 22

Final Written Warning

Question 23

it is the temporary release of an employee from duty for a specific number of days without compensation

Answer 23

Suspension without Pay

Question 24

the last course of action in disciplining employees

Answer 24

Termination/Dismissal

Question 25

Successful handling of employee:

• quick recognition
• airing of complaints
• equitable resolution

Answer 25

> recognizing problems quickly
allowing grievances to vent themselves
equitably resolving the problems

Question 26

shifting of an employee’s position from one to another without increasing or decreasing his/her responsibilities or pay

Answer 26

transfer

Question 27

shifting of an employee to a new position that increases both his/her status and responsibilities

Answer 27

promotion

Question 28

an employee is removed and is no longer a part of the business or organization, can be temporary or permanent, voluntary or involuntary

Answer 28

separation

Question 29

temporary and voluntary, usually associated with negative business conditions

Answer 29

lay-off

Question 30

may be permanently or involuntarily if he or she is not performing satisfactorily according to the standards of the business

Answer 30

discharge

Question 31

done voluntarily or permanently, it stems from low salary and/or low morale

Answer 31

resignation

Question 32

can be availed of voluntarily if the employee reaches a specific number of years of service or more based on company policies or involuntarily when one reaches the age of retirement, which is 65

Answer 32

retirement

Question 33

it is an important concept that transcends all healthcare professions; is a critical component for positive change and development within pharmacy organizations and the profession

Answer 33

Leadership in Pharmacy

Question 34

the ability to influence the actions of others is base on the interaction of the leader, the individual or group being led, and the situation in which both coexist. The purpose of _________ is to help individuals, groups, and organizations grow and develop.

Answer 34

Leadership

Question 35

focuses on the personal characteristics of leaders

Answer 35

Traits model

Question 36

traits model:

Answer 36

>physical
>social background
>pesonality
>social characteristic
>task-related characteristic

Question 37

it is concerned with how a leader acts and the manner he or she leads a group

Answer 37

Behavioral Model/Leadership Style

Question 38

• “I decide”
• manager retains absolute control
• he/she has little confidence in his/her employees’ ability to make decisions
• he/she usually hold few meetings

Answer 38

Autocratic Style

Question 39

• “we decide”
• decision-making is shared between the manager and employees
• manager has great confidence in the employees
• he/she make decisions that consider the best interests of the organization
• he/she has no egoistical tendency in conducting the organization’s operations and making decisions
• he/she serves to improve the morale and motivation of the group
• he/she usually holds many meetings

Answer 39

Democratic Style

Question 40

• “you decide”

- employees decide on their own within certain boundaries or limits

Answer 40

Free Rein Model

Question 41

examines the relationship between the characteristics of a given situation and the leader’s behavior
>task orientation -a one-way form of communication
>relationship orientation - a two-way form of communication
>follower readiness or maturity

Answer 41

Contingency Model

Question 42

refers to a manager’s or leader’s approach to directing the actions of employees

Answer 42

Leadership style

Question 43

this style creates harmony and builds emotional bonds, a sense of belonging and security through feedback and reward systems, tends not to give negative criticism or deliver bad news to an employee, thus not allowing the latter to grow or change bad habits

Answer 43

Affiliative style

Question 44

display self-confidence, empathy, and the ability to develop cooperation and teamwork among members when leading the organization/group.
Motivates the team toward a new vision by creating a trusting environment in which individuals know their role in accomplishing organizational goals.
Develops the end vision and goals while allowing the team to determine how to achieve them.

Answer 44

Authoritative style

Question 45

focus to help employees improve their performance over time for the long-term.
The coach delegates responsibilities to subordinates for the dual purpose of achieving outcomes and accomplishing tasks, and encouraging employees to develop new skills

Answer 45

Coaching style

Question 46

this style demands immediate compliance with orders and directives. Primarily associated with leaders displaying a strong sense of self-management but paying little attention to others in the group. Over time, has a negative impact on employee morale and, eventually, on productivity

Answer 46

Coercive Style

Question 47

this style observes collaboration and teamwork to gain buy-in from constituents. They work priamrily under the participative management style. democratic leaders use social as the primary means for directing the activities of a group

Answer 47

Democratic style

Question 48

pacesetters are more autocratic in their leadership style. They expect others to follow the same standards. The pacesetting leader predominantly uses the self-management skill

Answer 48

Pacesetting style