Chapter 5: Developing Life Span Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

developmental psychology

A

studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

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2
Q

zygote
embryo
fetus

A
  • fertilized egg; two week period of rapid cell division
  • developing human organism; 2 weeks through to second month
  • developing human organism; 9 weeks through to birth
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3
Q

teratogens

A

(monster maker) agents that can reach the embryo and cause harm

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4
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

FAS, physical/cognitive abnormalities caused by heavy drinking during pregnancy

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5
Q

habituation

A

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation, new thing isn’t as interesting anymore

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6
Q

3 issues to engage developmental psychologists

A

nature and nurture; continuity and stages; stability and change

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7
Q

continuity vs. stages

A

continuity: gradual development –> growing taller
stages: sudden changes in development –> caterpillar to butterfly

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8
Q

nature vs nurture

A

nature: genetic inheritance
nurture: experiences/upbringing

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9
Q

stability vs change

A

stability: traits that persist through life
change: change as we age

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10
Q

course of prenatal development and teratogens

A

zygote, embryo, fetus. teratogens cause harm to the fetus

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11
Q

newborns abilities? how do researchers explore infants’ mental abilities?

A

rooting, breathing, sucking, crying, preference for mothers smell
habituation, senses

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12
Q

maturation

A

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behaviour, relatively uninfluenced by experiences

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13
Q

cognition

A

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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14
Q

schema

A

concept of framework that organizes and interprets new information

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15
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

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16
Q

accomadation

A

adapting out current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

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17
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

piaget’s theory, the stage (birth-2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

18
Q

object permanence

A

the awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not percieved

19
Q

preoperational stage

A

piaget’s theory, the stage (2-6/7years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

20
Q

conservation

A

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the form of the objects (flipping a triangle shaped container of water)

21
Q

egocentrism

A

piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view (jim is my brother but jim doesn’t have a brother)

22
Q

theory of mind

A

people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states - about their feeling, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviours these might predict

23
Q

concrete operational stage

A

piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (7-11 years) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

24
Q

formal operational stage

A

piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (12+) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

25
stranger anxiety
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age
26
attachment
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
27
critical period
an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
28
imprinting
the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life
29
basic trust
erik erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsible caregivers
30
self concept
all out thoughts and feelings about ourselves. in answer to the question, "who am i?"
31
puberty
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
32
identity
our sense of self; according to erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
33
social identity
the 'we' aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to the "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships
34
intimacy
erikson, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in young adulthood
35
emerging adulthood
a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults
36
menopause
the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
37
cross-sectional study
a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
38
longitudinal study
research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time
39
neurocognitive disorders
(NCDs) acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits; often related to Alzheimer's disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse. In older adults neurocognitve disorders were formerly called dementia
40
Alzheimer's disease
an NCD marked by neural plaques, often with an onset after age 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities
41
social clock
the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement