Chapter 16: Therapy Flashcards
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve a personal growth
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology
eclectic approach
an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviours and events in order to promote insight
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
psychodynamic therapy
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight
insight therapies
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate client’s growth (also called person-centered therapy)
active listening
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger’s client-centered therapy
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
behaviour therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviours
counterconditioning
behaviour therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviours; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
exposure therapies
behavioural techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginative or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid
systematic desensitization
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
Virtual reality exposure therapy
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behaviour (such as drinking alcohol)
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behaviour and can later exchange their tokens for various privileges or treats
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behaviour therapy (changing behaviour)
group therapy
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction
