Chapter 5 - Descriptive Survey Study

Question 1

What are Descriptive Methods also referred to as?

Answer 1

Normative Methods

Question 2

What do Descriptive Methods do?

Answer 2

To process data that comes to the researcher through observation.

Question 3

What is an Assumption to Descriptive Survey Methods?

Answer 3

That we are observing real / normal situations and under similar conditions these phenomena will follow a common norm or pattern.

Question 4

What are the two key steps to Descriptive Survey Methods:

Answer 4

1. Researcher observes phenomena in a population that is bounded by limitations and research design parameters.
2. Researcher makes careful record of observations which they uses as their data base which they may use in a variety of analyses.

Question 5

What is the principal method of data collection for the researcher with Descriptive Survey Methods?

Answer 5

Observation

Question 6

Like quantitative studies, the ___________ must be clearly identified in Descriptive Surveys, as appropriate hypothesis developed.

Answer 6

population

Question 7

How can we draw valid conclusions with Descriptive Survey Methods?

Answer 7

Data must be organized / presented systematically.

Question 8

The ________________ is an instrument / tool for researchers to observe and collect data beyond the physical reach of the observer.

Answer 8

Questionnaire

Question 9

Questions in a Questionnaire must be:

Answer 9

• Clear
• Unambiguous
• Reflect real world scenarios
• Simple to understand
• Universal issues rather than personal issues
• Minimal time / effort to complete

Question 10

Each question in a Descriptive Survey must:

Answer 10

• Gather information to address the hypothesis.

Question 11

What are 5 things to be done before conducting One on One or Small Group Interviews?

Answer 11

1. Set up interviews well in advance
2. Provide an agenda beforehand
3. Seek permission for recording responses
4. Organize interview for seamlessness
5. Communicate interview outcome

Question 12

Recording responses can be done in two ways, which are:

Answer 12

• Written
• Voice

Question 13

What types of questions can be included in Checklist & Survey Scale Questions?

Answer 13

• Yes / no answers
• Assessments of the degree of intensity
• Range of choices (E.g., rating scales, Likert scales), or
• Combination of these options

Question 14

Define a Representative Sample:

Answer 14

Population must be representative and sufficient in size to provide a valid assessment.

Question 15

What does the sample size of a Representative Sample depend on?

Answer 15

Depends on inherent variability of the population.

Question 16

Define a Nonprobability survey:

Answer 16

Samples arrive at random (Customers at a restaurant) but we can set a quota of subgroups within a population.

Question 17

What are the two sampling types for Nonprobability surveys?

Answer 17

1. Convenience
2. Quota

Question 18

______________ Sampling: A sample is obtained by selecting individual participants who are easy to get.

Answer 18

Convenience

Question 19

__________________ Sampling: A sample is obtained by identifying subgroups to be included, then establishing quotas for individuals to be selected through convenience from each subgroup.

Answer 19

Quota

Question 20

Define Probability Sampling:

Answer 20

Determine who to sample in advance. We usually randomize the unit of choice where all units have an equal choice of selection.

Question 21

What are two common examples of probability sampling?

Answer 21

• Random Numbers
• Lottery Method

Question 22

What are the 5 sampling Types of Probability sampling?

Answer 22

1. Simple Random
2. Stratified Random
3. Proportional Stratified
4. Cluster / Area Sampling
5. Systematic Sampling

Question 23

Define Simple Random Sampling:

Answer 23

A sample is obtained using a random process to select participants from a list containing the total population.

Question 24

Who is Simple Random Sampling used for?

Answer 24

For homogenous population with a simple arrangement.

Question 25

How is Simple Random Sampling effective?

Answer 25

The random process ensures that each individual has an equal and independent chance of selection.

Question 26

Define Stratified Random Sampling:

Answer 26

A sample is obtained by dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting equal numbers from each of the subgroups.

Question 27

Who is Stratified Random Sampling used for?

Answer 27

For populations composed of layers with approximately equal number of individuals in each group (Equalization level).

Question 28

Define Proportional Stratified Sampling:

Answer 28

A sample is obtained by subdividing the population into strata and then randomly selecting from each stratum a number of participants so that the proportions in the sample correspond to the proportions in the population.

Question 29

Who is Proportional Stratified Sampling used for?

Answer 29

for groups / layers of unequal size where each group is treated as a subpopulation.

Question 30

Define Cluster / Area Sampling:

Answer 30

Instead of selecting individuals, a sample is obtained by randomly selecting clusters from a list of all clusters that exists within the population.

Question 31

Who is Cluster / Area Sampling used for?

Answer 31

Used for populations over a large area.

Question 32

Define Systematic Sampling:

Answer 32

A sample is obtained by selecting every participant from a list containing the total population, after a random start.

Question 33

Who is Systematic Sampling used for?

Answer 33

Used for predetermined sequence of blocks in a population.

Question 34

What are the 6 main types of Descriptive Survey Methods?

Answer 34

• Questionnaire
• Checklist & Survey Scale Questions
• One on One / Small Group
• Representative Samples
• Nonprobability
• Probability