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Research Methods and Design > Chapter 3 - Format of the Project > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Format of the Project Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 valuable things to get out of using literature in a research?

A
  1. Subproblems encountered
  2. New information
  3. New methods to address study
  4. Compare with other studies
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2
Q

Where should you look for literature? (4)

A
  1. Primary academic journals
  2. Government Documents
  3. Internet
  4. Libraries
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3
Q

True or False: There is a lot of inaccurate and poor
quality information as well.

A

True.

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4
Q

______ your sources carefully before using them.

A

Evaluate

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5
Q

What is a drawback of using Google Scholar?

A

It is limited in searching capability.

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6
Q

What is one of the best places to find the latest research papers on any given topic?

A

Bibliographic databases

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7
Q

What are 3 key bibliographic databases?

A
  • Web of Science
  • SCOPUS
  • PubMed
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8
Q

How are sources of information classified?

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
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9
Q

What are Primary information sources?

A

Original “material” from the field one is studying.

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10
Q

Provide an example of Primary information sources:

A

Books, original research articles, letters, diaries, memoirs, reports, etc.

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11
Q

Why do scholars use Primary sources of information?

A

Scholars consult primary sources in search of new material and/or for insights that have not previously been reported by other scholars.

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12
Q

What are Secondary information sources?

A

Secondary sources are based on primary
sources they are usually studies which analyze, evaluate, interpret, or criticize primary sources

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13
Q

Provide some examples of Secondary information sources:

A

Journal articles (other than original research articles
or reports), conference proceedings, books (monographs or chapters’ books), documentaries, review of literature

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14
Q

When do scholars consult Secondary information sources?

A

Scholars consult secondary sources to determine what others have already reported about a particular research topic

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15
Q

What is the distinction between Primary and Secondary information sources?

A

The distinction between primary and secondary sources is not always clear; depending on how or why it is being used, a secondary source may also be a primary source

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16
Q

What type of information source uses both Primary and Secondary information sources and why?

A

Literature reviews, since the purpose is to document and analyze what has been published through time

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17
Q

What are Tertiary information sources?

A

These are sources that compile or digest other sources.

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18
Q

Provide some examples of Tertiary information sources:

A

Some reference materials and textbooks are considered tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or other information

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19
Q

What are the 9 information source types?

A
  1. Research Article
  2. Review Article
  3. Meta-analysis
  4. Conference Paper
  5. Erratum
  6. Comment
  7. News
  8. Magazine
  9. Book
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20
Q

What type of source is a Research article and what does it do?

A

Primary source.
It reports the methods and results of an original study performed by the authors.

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21
Q

What type of source is a Review article and what does it do?

A

Secondary Source.
Summarize the scholarly research on a
specific topic. Two categories as narrative, and systematic reviews.

22
Q

What type of source is a Meta-analysis and what does it do?

A

Secondary Source
A quantitative, formal, epidemiological study design used to systematically assess the results of previous research to derive conclusions about that body of research.

23
Q

What type of source is a Conference Paper and what does it do?

A

Primary / Secondary source.
Written with the goal of being accepted to a
conference: typically an annual (or biannual) venue with a specific scope where you can present your results to the community, (oral, poster, or a tabled discussion)

24
Q

What type of source is a Conference Paper and what does it do?

A

—— source
A correlation of a published text, most commonly issues shortly after its original text is published.

25
Q

What type of source is a Comment and what does it do?

A

____ source
Brief comments on topical issues; letters to the editor.

26
Q

What type of source is the News and what does it do?

A

Secondary source (could be a primary)
A news article is usually a secondary source because it combines other sources.

27
Q

What type of source is a Magazine and what does it do?

A

Secondary Source
Could be an article in a magazine.

28
Q

What type of source is a Book and what does it do?

A

Tertiary source
You can find both primary and secondary sources published in book form or an Encyclopedia ( a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically).

29
Q

What are four points to remember when producing the literature review for a proposal?

A
  1. Summarize info relevant to your study
  2. Keep summary short and relevant
  3. Use a logical order to present (Pyramid approach)
  4. Use appropriate citation methods
30
Q

When should in-text citations be used?

A

When directly quoting or paraphrasing a source.

31
Q

What are the referencing styles?

A
  • APA (American Psychological Association)
  • MLA (Modern Language Association)
  • Harvard Style
  • Google Scholar
32
Q

What are the 2 types of reasoning used in planning the proposal / study direction?

A
  • Deductive Logic
  • Inductive Reasoning (Scientific Method)
33
Q

Which is the default reasoning approach?

A

Inductive reasoning

34
Q

What do Inductive reasoning approaches begin with?

A
  • Observation, then a goal derived from a problem statement, followed with a hypothesis
35
Q

How do Deductive reasoning approaches being?

A

Investigation begins with a premise, cannot rule out that the premise is wrong and you end up trying to prove something that doesn’t exist.

36
Q

Occasionally, ____________ approaches can be used where we have no answers or cannot find any with inductive reasoning.

A

Deductive

37
Q

Excellent methods available to collect data but _______ prevent data collection

A

logistics

38
Q

Provide an example of logistics preventing data collection:

A

In-person survey during COVID or bird surveys in the winter.

39
Q

We need _______ to make a decision on our hypothesis.

A

Facts

40
Q

Data can be _______ or ___________.

A

Real or perception

41
Q

What do we need to define in a study in order to develop a plan?

A

Parameters

42
Q

What are important notes to consider for the ethics of your proposal?

A
  • Be objective
  • Prove your competence
  • Honesty
  • Be professional
  • Acknowledge others in your work
43
Q

What are the two ways of seeking answers to the unknown?

A
  • Deductive Logic
  • Inductive Logic (Scientific Method)
44
Q

In deductive logic, we begin with a _________ or _________ premise.

A

Major, minor

45
Q

Inductive logic begins with an _______________.

A

Observation

46
Q

What are the 5 research categories?

A
  1. People
  2. Things
  3. Records
  4. Thoughts / ideas
  5. Dynamics / energy
47
Q

What are the 4 types of Study Data?

A
  1. Descriptive
  2. Historical
  3. Analytical
  4. Experimental
48
Q

___________ data: It is observational, made at the scene of occurrence and reported as facts.

A

Descriptive

49
Q

____________ data: Written accounts or records of past happenings.

A

Historical

50
Q

______________ data: Observations that are quantified and exist as numerical concepts

A

Analytical

51
Q

________________ data: Observations of certain differences that arise from comparison of one set of observations with another set.

A

Experimental

Research Methods and Design (13 decks)

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