Chapter 5 - Database Processing

Question 0

Columns

Answer 0

Also called fields.

Question 1

Database

Answer 1

A self-describing collection of integrated records. A collection of tables plus relationships among the rows in those tables, plus special data, called metadata, that describes the structure of the database.

Question 2

Rows

Answer 2

Also called records.

Question 3

Table

Answer 3

Also called a file.

Question 4

Primary Key

Answer 4

A column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table.

Question 5

Foreign Keys

Answer 5

Keys of a different (foreign) table than the one in which they reside.

Question 6

Relational Database

Answer 6

Database that carries it’s data in the form of tables and represents relationships using foreign keys.

Question 7

Metadata

Answer 7

Data that describe data.

Question 8

Database Management System (DBMS)

Answer 8

A program used to create, process, and administer a database. The DBMS creates tables, relationships, and other structures in the database.

Question 9

Four Processing Operations of a DBMS

Answer 9

• Read
• Insert
• Modify
• Delete

Question 10

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 10

An international standard language for processing a database.

Question 11

Database Application

Answer 11

A collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database.

Question 12

Form

Answer 12

Data entry forms are used to read, insert, modify and delete data.

Question 13

Report

Answer 13

Reports query data using the DBMS and display the results in a structured context.

Question 14

Lost-update Problem

Answer 14

A problem associated with multi-user processing. To prevent this problem, some type of locking must be used to coordinate the activities of users who know nothing about one another.

Question 15

Data Model

Answer 15

A logical representation of database data created before building a database. It is essentially the blueprint of the database. Popular data models include Entity-relationship (E-R) and Unified Modeling Language (UML).

Question 16

Entity

Answer 16

Some thing that the users want to track.

Question 17

Attributes

Answer 17

Entities have attributes that describe characteristics of the entity. When creating a database an entity attribute becomes a table column.

Question 18

Identifier

Answer 18

Entities have an identifier, which is an attribute (or group of attributes) whose value is associated with one and only one entity instance. When creating a database an entity identifier becomes becomes a table key.

Question 19

1:N

Answer 19

One-to-many relationship

Question 20

N:M

Answer 20

Many-to-many relationship. It is not written N:N, because that would imply the same number of entities on each side of the relationship.

Question 21

1:1

Answer 21

One-to-one relationship.

Question 22

Maximum Cardinality

Answer 22

The maximum number of entities that can be involved in a relationship. Examples are 1:N, N:M, and 1:1.

Question 23

Minimum Cardinality

Answer 23

Constraints on minimum requirements of relationships. “What is the minimum number of entities required in the relationship?”

Question 24

Normalization

Answer 24

The process of converting a poorly structured table into two or more well-structured tables. Normalization is done to prevent data integrity problems.

Question 25

Nonrelational database

Answer 25

Recently developed for BigData companies. Amazon’s Dynamo, Google’s Bigtable and Facebook’s Cassandra. Also called NoSQL databases.

Question 26

BigData

Answer 26

Data collections that are characterized by huge volume, rapid velocity and great variety.

Question 27

Elastic

Answer 27

The number of servers can dynamically increase and decrease without disrupting performance.

Question 28

Durability

Answer 28

One data is committed to the data store, it won’t be lost, even in the presence of failure.