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HISTOLOGY > CHAPTER 5: CONNECTIVE TISSUE > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5: CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

provides a matrix that supports and physically
connects other tissues and cells together to form the
organs of the body

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

major constituent is the extracellular matrix (ECM)
which consist of protein fibers and ground
substance

A

Connective Tissue

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3
Q

originate from embryonic mesenchyme,
o Structure components consist of: Cells, Fibers,
Ground substance

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

What are the major constituent of connective tissue?

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

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5
Q

Connective tissue structure components?

A

: Cells, Fibers,
Ground substance

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6
Q

a tissue developing mainly from the middle layer of the embryo

A

Mesenchyme

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7
Q

the most common cells in connective tissue proper

A

Fibroblast

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8
Q

produce and maintain most of the tissue’s
extracellular components

A
  • Fibroblast
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9
Q

the key cells in connective tissue proper

A
  • Fibroblast
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10
Q

originate locally from mesenchymal cells and are
permanent residents of connective tissue.

A
  • Fibroblast
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11
Q

Synthesize and secrete collagen

A

Fibroblast

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12
Q

What are the type cells that is found from hematopoietic stem cells?

A

macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells

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13
Q

“fibroblast”
o abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm,

A

Active Fibroblast

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14
Q

Ovoid nucleus, large and pale staining w/ fine
chromatin
o Larger cell
o Euchromatic nucleus

A

Active Fibroblast

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15
Q

“fibrocyte”
o smaller than the active fibroblast

A

Quiescent Cell

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16
Q

acidophilic cytoplasm
o a darker, elongated, more heterochromatic nucleus
o smaller spindle shape

A

Quiescent Cell

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17
Q

Active Chromatin
* Pale Stain

A

EUCHROMATIN

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18
Q

Inactive Chromatin
* Darker Stain

A

HETEROCHROMATIN

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19
Q

Give the growth factors list

A

A family of protein
o Targets fibroblast
o influence cell growth and differentiation

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20
Q

involved in wound healing
o have a well-developed contractile function
and are enriched with a form of actin also
found in smooth muscle cells.

A

Myofibroblast

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21
Q

Also from Mesenchymal
o “fat cell”
o found in the connective tissue of many organs

A
  • Adipocyte
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22
Q

specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as
neutral fats, or for the production of heat.

A

Adipocyte

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23
Q

Nucleus pushed to the side
o White and Brown adipocyte

A

Adipocyte

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24
Q

Tissue with a large population of
adipocytes
o serves to cushion and insulate the
skin and other organs

A

Adipose Connective Tissue

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25
Q

have highly developed phagocytic ability and
specialize in turnover of protein fibers and removal
of apoptotic cells, tissue debris, or other particulate
material, being especially abundant at sites of
inflammation.

A
  • Macrophages
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26
Q

Derived from Monocyte
o Also called “Histiocyte”

A

Macrophages

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27
Q

Perform phagocytosis
o Many Lysosomes, over developed golgi
o Irregular edge or protrusions
o Distinct nucleus

A

Macrophages

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28
Q

Another name for macrophages?

A

Histiocyte

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29
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: MONOCYTE

A

BLOOD

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30
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: MACROPHAGE

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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31
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: KUPFFER CELL

A

LIVER (PERISINUSOIDAL)

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32
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: OSTEOCLAST

A

BONE

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33
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: MICROGLIAL CELL

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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34
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: LANGERHANS CELL

A

EPIDERMIS OF SKIN

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35
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: DENDRITIC CELL

A

LYMPH NODES

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36
Q

MAJOR LOCATION: MULTINUCLEAR GIANT CELL

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

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37
Q

are large oval or irregularly shaped cells of
connective tissue

A

Mast Cell

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38
Q

Blue color due to many basophilic granules which
contains heparin

A

Mast Cell

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39
Q

Function for inflammatory and tissue repair
o Release bioactive substances

A

Mast Cell

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40
Q

What type cell does undergo metachromasia?

A

Mast Cell

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41
Q

means that they can change the color of some basic
dyes from blue to purple or red.

A

metachromasia

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42
Q

a sulfated GAG that acts locally as an anticoagulant

A

Heparin

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43
Q

promotes increased vascular permeability and
smooth muscle contraction

A

Histamine

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44
Q

which activate various mediators of inflammation

A

Serine proteases

45
Q

attract leukocytes

A

Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors

46
Q

Are polypeptides directing activities of leukocytes
and other cells of the immune system

47
Q

are converted to prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and
other important lipid mediators of the inflammatory
response.

A

Phospholipid precursors

48
Q

mast cells that are especially numerous near the
small blood vessels in skin and mesenteries

A

Perivascular Mast Cell

49
Q

Mast cells in the tissue that lines digestive and
respiratory tracts

A

Mucosal Mast Cell

50
Q

Also known as allergic reaction which is inhibited
after the release of certain chemical mediators
stored in mast cells

A

Immediate hypersensitivity reaction

51
Q

Derived from Lymphocyte

A

Plasma Cells

52
Q

large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm

A

Plasma Cells

53
Q

pale nucleus, spherical and eccentric

A

Plasma Cells

54
Q

clock face nucleus appearance
o nucleus has heterochromatin and euchromatin
region
o 10-20 days life span
o Responsible in secreting antibodies

A

Plasma Cells

55
Q

nucleus has heterochromatin and euchromatin
region

A

Plasma Cells

56
Q

White Blood Cells
o comprise a population of wandering cells in
connective tissue.

A

Leukocytes

57
Q

Migrate from blood vessels via diapedesis
o They function in connective tissue, don’t return to
blood and then undergo apoptosis

A
  • Leukocytes
58
Q

o Found between endothelial cell
o Abundant in connective tissue of digestive tract

A
  • Leukocytes
59
Q

elongated structures formed from proteins that
polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts

60
Q

3 main types: collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.

61
Q

formed by proteins of the
collagen family

A

Collagen & reticular fibers

62
Q
  • composed mainly of the protein
    elastin
A

Elastic fibers

63
Q

o Most abundant fibers

64
Q

constitute a family of proteins selected during
evolution for their ability to form various extracellular
fibers, sheets, and networks,

65
Q

extremely strong and resistant to normal shearing
and tearing forces.

66
Q

key element of all connective tissues, as well as
epithelial basement membranes and the external
laminae of muscle and nerve cells.

67
Q

major product of fibroblasts
o family of 28 collagens
o 4 Groups: fibril forming, fibril associated, anchoring
fibril, network forming

68
Q

What are the 4 groups of COLLAGEN?

A

Fibril forming, fibril associated, anchoring
fibril, network forming

69
Q

Type I, II, III, V, XI
o Forms structure as tendons, organs, capsules and
dermis

A

Fibril-Forming Collagen

70
Q

Fibril-Forming Collagen TYPES?

A

Type I, II, III, V, XI

71
Q

o Type IX, XIII, XIV
o Bind the surface of collagen fibrils to the
components of ECM

A

Fibril Associated

72
Q

Fibril Associated TYPES?

A

Type IX, XIII, XIV

73
Q

Type VII, IX, XII, XIX
o Bind Basal Lamina

A

Anchoring Fibril

74
Q

Anchoring Fibril TYPES?

A

Type VII, IX, XII, XIX

75
Q

o Type X, IV
o Assemble in meshwork
o Constitutes a major structural component of basal
lamina

A

Network Forming

76
Q

Network Forming TYPES?

A

Type X, IV

77
Q

o Most abundant type of collagen and widely distributed

78
Q

specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as
neutral fats, or for the production of heat.

79
Q

Very thin
o Found associated with hematopoietic tissue (blood
forming cells)
o They are argyrophilic

80
Q

thinner than the type I collagen fibers and form
sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles
in many organs
o seen in walls of blood vessels

A
  • Elastin Fibers
81
Q

has elastin that can bend or stretch fibers
o ability to stretch but not elasticity

A
  • Elastin Fibers
82
Q

have rubberlike properties that allow tissue
containing these fibers, such as the stroma of the
lungs, to be stretched or distended and return to
their original shape

A
  • Elastin Fibers
83
Q

Produces fibrilin

A
  • Elastin Fibers
84
Q

o occurs as fenestrated sheets

A

elastic
lamellae

85
Q

Has 3 classes : GAGs, :Proteoglycans, Multi
adhesive glycoprotein
o Transparent and rich in water
o Act as both lubricant and barrier
o allows diffusion of small molecules

A
  • Ground Substances
86
Q

Glycosaminoglycans
o also called mucopolysaccharides (sugar)
o long polymers of repeating disaccharide units,
usually a hexosamine and uronic acid.

87
Q
  • also known as hyaluronic acid
    are the largest GAG located and synthesized
    in golgi
A

Hyaluronan

88
Q

ycans
o Composed of proteins and sugars
o have attached GAGs that often comprise a greater
mass than the polypeptide core
o Has 4 main GAGs: dermatan sulfate, chondroitin
sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate
o Synthesized in RER

A

Proteoglycans

89
Q
  • key proteoglycan in all basal laminae.
90
Q

very large, having a core protein heavily
bound with chondroitin and keratan sulfate chains

91
Q

Have more proteins than sugar
o have multiple binding sites (multiadhesive) for cell
surface integrins and for other matrix
macromolecules

A

➢ Multiadhesive glycoprotein

92
Q

with binding sites for integrins, type IV
collagen and providing adhesion for epithelial and
other cells providing adhesion for epithelial and
other cells

93
Q

a 235-270 kDa dimer synthesized
largely by fibroblasts, with binding sites for collagens
and certain GAGs, and forms insoluble fibrillar
networks throughout connective tissue

A

Fibronectin

94
Q

caused by the
pumping action of the heart, which forces water out
across the capillary wall

A

Hydrostatic pressure

95
Q

produced by plasma
proteins such as albumin, which draws water back
into the capillaries

A

Colloid osmotic pressure

96
Q

Function as structural (bone), Transportation
(blood, lymph), Protection (cartilage and bone),
storage of energy (adipose), protection from
microorganism (diff. type of cells)
o Has 5 classifications: Connective tissue proper,
fluid, support, embryonic, adipose

A

Connective Tissue

97
Q

broadly classified as “loose” or “dense” (according to
arrangement of collagen present/)

A

Connective Tissue Proper

98
Q

Also called areolar tissue

A

Loose Connective Tissue

99
Q

Thick layer (lamina propria) forming a layer
beneath the epithelial lining of many
organs and filling the spaces between
fibers of muscle and nerve
- contains cells, fibers, and ground
substance in roughly equal parts
- delicate consistency, flexible and not very
resistant to stress.
- Equally, randomed cells (fibroblast), fiber
(collagen), and ground substance

A

Loose Connective Tissue

100
Q

has similar components as loose
connective tissue, but with fewer cells,
mostly fibroblasts, and a clear
predominance of bundled type I collagen
fibers over ground substance
- protects organs and strengthens them
structurally.
- Tight or close arrangement

A

Dense Connective Tissue

101
Q

bundles of collagen fibers appear
randomly interwoven
- no definite orientation.
- Provides resistance to stress from all
directions.
- Example include the deep dermis layer of
skin and capsules surrounding most
organs

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

102
Q

consists mostly of type I collagen bundles
and fibroblasts aligned in parallel
- great resistance to prolonged or repeated
stresses from the same direction
- examples tendons (are the very strong
and flexible which connects muscles to
bones), aponeuroses (which are sheetlike
tendons); and ligaments,( bands or
sheets that hold together components of
the skeletal system.)

A

Dense regular connective tissue

103
Q

(are the very strong
and flexible which connects muscles to
bones)

104
Q

(which are sheetlike
tendons

A

aponeuroses

105
Q

bands or
sheets that hold together components of
the skeletal system

106
Q

characterized by abundant fibers of type III collagen
known as reticulin which supports various types of
cells.
o their loose disposition provides a framework with
specialized microenvironments for cells in
hemopoietic tissue and some lymphoid organs

A

Reticular Tissue

107
Q

Mucus connective tissue
o Embryonic type
o also known as Wharton’s Jelly
o principal component of the fetal umbilical cord
o gelatinous, with sparse collagen fibers and scattered
fibroblasts
o similar to the tissue found in the vitreous chambers
of eyes and pulp cavities of young teeth.

A

Mucoid Tissue

HISTOLOGY (4 decks)

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