Chapter 5 compounds and molecules Tadym Mason Flashcards
What is chemical structure?
When atoms are arranged in a substance.
What is a chemical bond?
When atoms or ions are held together by an attractive force.
What is a bond length?
The average distance that takes place between the nuclei and two atoms bonded together.
What is a bond angle?
The angle that is formed by two bonds attached to the same atom.
What is a hydrogen bond?
When two hydrogen atoms are very close to one another and their electron clouds overlap, creating a bond between the two.
What is an ionic bond?
A bond that is created when two oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another.
What is a metallic bond?
A bond created when two positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them are attracted to one another.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond created when atoms with one or more pairs of electrons are shared.
What is polyatomic ion?
An ion that is made up of two or more atoms.
What is a formula unit?
One balanced proportion of ions in a compound.
What are nonpolar covalent bonds?
A bond between atoms whose electrons are shared equally.
What is a polar covalent bond?
A bond formed between atoms with an unequal sharing of electrons.
What is empirical formula?
The make up of a compound in terms of its relative number and kinds of atoms in the simplest ratio.
What is molecular formula?
A chemical formula that doesn’t show the arrangement of atoms, but does show the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule.
What is an organic compound?
A compound that is covalently bonded that contains carbon and excludes carbonates and oxides.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule created by five monomers, or small units.
What is a carbohydrate?
An organic compound that provides nutrients to the cells of living things, made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is protein?
An organic compound that is a principal component of all cells, made of one or more chains of amino acids.
What is an amino acid?
Any one of 20 different organic molecules that combines to form porteins, contain carboxyl and an amino group.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
What is DNA?
Determines a living organism’s entire genetic makeup.
What are alkanes?
Hydrocarbons that have only one single covalent bonds.
What is an alkene?
Have at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms.
