Chapter 5 - Coding Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Terminology
Infectious
P. 101
A condition that can be transmitted from one person to another.
Examples of transmission: • personal contact • handshake • exchange of bodily fluids • touch of a doorknob
Tuberculosis
P. 101
An infectious condition that causes small rounded swellings on mucous membranes throughout the body.
Pathogen
P. 101
Any agent that causes disease; a microorganism such as a bacterium or virus.
Infection
P. 101
• Invasion of pathogens into tissue cells. Pathogens successfully invades the body and begins to replicate.
▪ May be localized (e.g., a toe) ▪ Spread regionally (e.g., a leg) ▪ Become systemic (i.e., Throughout the entire body)
Colonization
P. 101
Multiplication of organisms that cause damage to cell structures and can remain localized in one area (such as an infected toe), spread to a larger area (such as infection of the foot and leg), or become systemic (spreading throughout the entire body).
Systemic
P. 102
Spread throughout the entire body.
Acute
P. 102
Severe; serious.
Inflammation
P. 102
The reaction of tissues to infection or injury; characterized by pain, swelling, and erythema.
Nosocomial
P. 102
A hospital-aquired condition; a condition that develops as a result of being in a health care facility.
Bacteria
P. 104
Single-celled microorganisms that cause disease.
- Bacilli or Bacillus - rod shaped
- Spirilla or Spirillum - spiral shaped
- Cocci or Coccus - dot-shaped
- Vibrio
Bacilli or Bacillus bacteria
P. 104
rod shaped bacteria; Are responsible for the development of diphtheria, tetanus, and tuberculosis, among others.
Spirilla or Spirillum bacteria
P. 104 and 105
spiral shaped bacteria; May cause cholera or syphilis.
Vibrio bacteria
Curved-rod shaped bacteria; is a gram-negative bacteria, several species of which can cause foodborne infection, Usually associated with eating undercooked Seafood. Typically found in saltwater, the species are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores.
• Naturally live in certain Coastal Waters and are present in higher concentrations between May and October when water temperatures are warmer. (Oysters)
Viruses
P. 109
Microscopic particles that initiate disease, mimicking the characteristics of a particular cell; viruses can reproduce only within the body of the cell that they have invaded.
Influenza
P. 112
(Commonly called the flu); it is caused by Influenza A or B virus and can be transmitted by casual contact, such as a handshake or touching a contaminated doorknob.
Most common symptoms of Influenza (flu):
P. 112
- body or muscle aches
- chills
- cough
- fever
- headache
- sore throat
Shingles virus (herpes zoster or postherpetic neuralgia)
P. 113 and 115
Is an infection of the varicella-zoster virus – the same pathogen that causes chickenpox. Those patients who actually had chickenpox previously are at a greatest risk for developing this painful disease. Patients will feel a burning sensation or shooting pain, accompanied often by tingling or itching on only one side of the body.
The development of herpes zoster, later in life after having varicella virus or chickenpox as a child.
Rubeola
P. 113
A childhood illness, commonly referred to as measles, is very low because of the success of the measles vaccine.
Rubella
P. 114
An acute viral disease that can affect anyone of any age, is thought of by many to be a children’s disease known as the German Measles.
• While the symptoms are most often not more than a mild wrath, The health danger of rubella can be serious to a pregnant woman in her first trimester.
Herpes simplex virus
P. 114
Often referred to by the abbreviation HSV, is transmitted by direct contact between individuals. They are small vesicles (fluid-filled lesions) appear on reddened skin in clusters or groups, particularly in the mucous membranes.
Parasites
P. 116
Tiny living things that can invade and feed off other living things.