Chapter 5: classical conditioning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

permmnant change in behavior that is due to experiance

Question 2

Behaviorism

Answer 2

is a theoretical perspective and behaveriosam emphasizes behavior particularly observable behavior
they theorized that thoughts, or cognition played NO role in behavior.

Question 3

conditioning

Answer 3

it is the association between environmental stimuli and an organism’s response to it conditioning is a form of learning they disagreed with Freud’s theories on the unconscious mind

Question 4

Environmental determinism

Answer 4

theory which states our environment shapes every aspect of who we were, are, and will be.

Question 5

classical conditiong

Answer 5

a type of learning that links a neutral stimulus - one that evokes no special response except to call attention to it - to another stimulus that elicits a natural or involuntary response in a given organism.

Question 6

associative learning

Answer 6

The association between the two stimuli is one form of associative learning - a learning in which ideas and experiences are mentally linked and thereby reinforce each other

Question 7

Associative Learning in Classical Conditioning

Answer 7

Learning to associate one stimulus with another

Question 8

who found about the classical conditioning

Answer 8

Ideas of classical conditioning originate from old philosophical theories. However, it was the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov who elucidated classical conditioning

Question 9

Diffrernt types of learning

Answer 9

associative learning Learning to associate one stimulus with another
cognitive learning: this relates to memorizing, thinking

Question 10

How Do We Learn?

Answer 10

We learn by association. Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence.

Question 11

example of associative learning

Answer 11

lightning and thunder becouse they are associated to gether always when you see the lighting you might start to wince before even hearing the thunder

Question 11

example of associative learning

Answer 11

lightning and thunder because they are associated together always when you see the lighting you might start to wince before even hearing the thunder

Question 12

Unconditioned stimuli

Answer 12

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned response is an automatic response to a stimulus.

Question 13

conditioned stimuli

Answer 13

A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation.

Question 14

Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment in his dog

Answer 14

Pavlov rang the bell, then fed the dogs’. After doing this repeatedly, the pairing of food and bell eventually established the dog’s Conditioned Response of salivating to the sound of the bell. After repeatedly doing this pairing, Pavlov removed the food and when ringing this bell the dog would salivate.

Question 15

Acquisition

Answer 15

the process of pairing the two stimuli is what is called Acquisition

is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning in which an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus takes place.

for conditioning to occur, the neutral stimulus needs to come before the unconditioned stimulus.
and the time between them should be half a second,

Question 16

Extinction

Answer 16

extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is applied repeatedly without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
over time the conditions response starts to decrease

Question 17

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 17

Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory that was first named and described by Ivan Pavlov in his studies of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. In that context, it refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.

Question 18

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 18

The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS is called generalization.

Question 19

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 19

Discrimination is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 20

Higher Order Conditioning

Answer 20

Also called second order conditioning, higher-order conditioning is classical conditioning with an extra conditioned stimulus.