Chapter 5: classical conditioning Flashcards
Learning
permmnant change in behavior that is due to experiance
Behaviorism
is a theoretical perspective and behaveriosam emphasizes behavior particularly observable behavior
they theorized that thoughts, or cognition played NO role in behavior.
conditioning
it is the association between environmental stimuli and an organism’s response to it conditioning is a form of learning they disagreed with Freud’s theories on the unconscious mind
Environmental determinism
theory which states our environment shapes every aspect of who we were, are, and will be.
classical conditiong
a type of learning that links a neutral stimulus - one that evokes no special response except to call attention to it - to another stimulus that elicits a natural or involuntary response in a given organism.
associative learning
The association between the two stimuli is one form of associative learning - a learning in which ideas and experiences are mentally linked and thereby reinforce each other
Associative Learning in Classical Conditioning
Learning to associate one stimulus with another
who found about the classical conditioning
Ideas of classical conditioning originate from old philosophical theories. However, it was the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov who elucidated classical conditioning
Diffrernt types of learning
associative learning Learning to associate one stimulus with another
cognitive learning: this relates to memorizing, thinking
How Do We Learn?
We learn by association. Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence.
example of associative learning
lightning and thunder becouse they are associated to gether always when you see the lighting you might start to wince before even hearing the thunder
example of associative learning
lightning and thunder because they are associated together always when you see the lighting you might start to wince before even hearing the thunder
Unconditioned stimuli
An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned response is an automatic response to a stimulus.
conditioned stimuli
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation.
Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment in his dog
Pavlov rang the bell, then fed the dogs’. After doing this repeatedly, the pairing of food and bell eventually established the dog’s Conditioned Response of salivating to the sound of the bell. After repeatedly doing this pairing, Pavlov removed the food and when ringing this bell the dog would salivate.
Acquisition
the process of pairing the two stimuli is what is called Acquisition
is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning in which an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus takes place.
for conditioning to occur, the neutral stimulus needs to come before the unconditioned stimulus.
and the time between them should be half a second,
Extinction
extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is applied repeatedly without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
over time the conditions response starts to decrease
Spontaneous recovery
Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory that was first named and described by Ivan Pavlov in his studies of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. In that context, it refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.
Stimulus Generalization
The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS is called generalization.
Stimulus Discrimination
Discrimination is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
Higher Order Conditioning
Also called second order conditioning, higher-order conditioning is classical conditioning with an extra conditioned stimulus.
