Chapter 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Civil rights

Answer 1

For previously disadvantaged groups (racial, gender, age, disability, sex)

Question 2

Strict scrutiny test

Answer 2

Classification by race and ethnic background is inherently suspect and must be justified by a “compelling public interest

Question 3

Reasonable classification

Answer 3

Government must have power to make reasonable classifications between persona and groups

Question 4

13th amendment

Answer 4

Ended slavery

Question 5

14th amendment

Answer 5

Native born are citizens

Equal and due process clauses established

Question 6

15th amendment

Answer 6

African American males can vote

Question 7

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer 7

Separate but equal

Question 8

Brown v Board of Education

Answer 8

Racially segregated schools inherently unequal

Equal protection clause used to reverse Plessy decision (equal protection)

Question 9

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 9

Made public discrimination illegal

Question 10

Methods of disenfranchising

Answer 10

Literacy tests
Grandfather clauses
Poll taxes
White primaries
(ended with 24th amendment)

Question 11

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 11

Outlawed literacy tests, increased black voter registration in aouth

Question 12

Seneca Falls Convention 1848

Answer 12

Adopted resolutions calling for the abolition of legal economic and social discrimination against women

Question 13

19th amendment

Answer 13

Women right to vote (1920)

Question 14

Equal Rights Act

Answer 14

(1972) women equal rights

Never passed

Question 15

Equal pay act

Answer 15

Comparable worth

Question 16

Reed v Reed

Answer 16

Sex classifications violate 14th amendment

Begins intermediate court scrutiny

Question 17

Affirmative Action

Answer 17

Required federal agencies, universities, and employers to take steps to remedy past discrimination (Johnson’s executive order)

Question 18

Bakke Case (1978)

Answer 18

Racial quota system violates equal protection clause of 14th amendment
(Can be used as part of criteria)

Question 19

New Groups

Answer 19

• Graying of America
• American Disabilities Act
• “Don’t ask, Don’t tell” in military (1993-2011)
• Gay marriages (DOMA ends)

Question 20

What is a legal difference between dejure and de facto segregation?

Answer 20

De jure segregation is illegal based on supreme court decisions

Question 21

What constitutional provision has been used to strike down discrimination in public accommodations?

Answer 21

Article 1 section 8’s commerce clause

Question 22

Comparable worth is based on the idea that comparable wages should be paid to?

Answer 22

People performing jobs requiring comparable skill

Question 23

Korematsu v US was a case involving race as a suspect class that?

Answer 23

Upheld discrimination by the government based on race, regardless of a strict scrutiny test

Question 24

If a law treats people differently based on their gender, the courts will?

Answer 24

Apply the intermediate scrutiny test to determine the law’s constitutionality