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Zoology(Midterms) > Chapter 5: Cell: the basic unit of life > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cell: the basic unit of life Flashcards

1
Q

Is the smallest unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

Cell is originated from the latin word?

A

cella, means a small room or compartment

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3
Q

Cell is introduced by?

A

Robert hooke

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4
Q

Is the building blocks of all animals and plants?

A

Cell

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5
Q

T/f: Cell is capable of performing life functions?

A

T

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6
Q

3 cycle of cell? GRM

A

GROWS, REPRODUCES, MATURES

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7
Q

Is the study of the structure and function of cells?

A

Cytology

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8
Q

2 Types of cell?

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

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9
Q

What is the cell size in eukaryotic and prokaryotic?

A

E- LARGER (10-100 MICROMETER)
P- SMALLER (.1- 5.0 MICROMETER)

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10
Q

What is the dna structure of EUK AND PROK?

A

EUK- LINEAR
PROK- CIRCULAR (NAKED)

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11
Q

difference of ribosomes in euk and prok?

A

euk - larger (80S RIBOSOME)
PROK- SMALLER (70S RIBOSOME)

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12
Q

CELL WALL IN EUK AND PROK?

A

EUK- PRESENT IN PLANTS(CELLULOSE), FUNGI (CHITIN); ABSENT IN ANIMALS

PROK- PRESENT IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN BACTERIA

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13
Q

Flagellar structure in euk and prok?

A

EUK- COMPLEX, MADE OF MICROTUBULES (9+2 ARRANGEMENT)]

PROK- SIMPLE, MADE OF SINGLE PROTEIN CALLED FLAGELLIN

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14
Q

Is a proteins associated with genetic material present in eukaryotic cell?

A

Histones

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15
Q

Is the outer covering of the cell and functions as a selective barrier that regulated the entrance and exit of substances into the cell.

A

cell membrane

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16
Q

Cell membrane can be described into 2 models called?

A

classical model and fluid mosaic model

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17
Q

Who characterize the classical model?

A

Hugh Davson and James Danielli

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18
Q

The model characterizes the membrane as a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched by a coat of protein on either surface?

A

Classical model

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19
Q

Who characterizes fluid mosaic model?

A

Jonathan Singer & Garth Nicolson

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20
Q

The model states that the lipid bilayer is fluid & individual phospholipids diffuse rapidly throughout the surface of the membrane.

A

Fluid mosaic model

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21
Q

Why fluid mosaic model is mosaic due to

A

It is due proteins, cholesterol, and other molecules.

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22
Q

How many layer is the cell or plasma membrane?

A

double layer or bilayer

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23
Q

cell is made of? type of lipid or fat?

A

phospholipid

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24
Q

t/f cell membrane is important as it helps regulate substances that enter and exit the cell and serves as a solvent for integral membrane proteins that run across bilayer?

A

t

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25
Q

is the external coating of the cell membrane and is made up of glycoproteins and polysaccharides?

A

glycocalyx

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26
Q

what are small and nonpolar molecules?

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide

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27
Q

Small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass directly through the lipid bilayer by?

A

simple diffusion

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28
Q

example of small polar molecules?

A

water

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29
Q

Small polar molecules, such as water, may pass through the membrane via

A

aquaporins

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30
Q

example of Ions and larger polar molecules?

A

sodium ion and glucose

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31
Q

Ions and larger polar molecules, like sodium ions and glucose, require______ specific to move across the membrane?

A

transport protein

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32
Q

glycocalyx external coating made of?

A

glycoprotein and polysaccharides

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33
Q

what Protects & enables cell to cell recognition, Receptor sites for hormones, Allows cell to respond to changes in electrical potentials, and Filtration barrier?

A

glycocalyx

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34
Q

is the inner part of the cell, jelly-like substance, and is biggest part of the cell where organelles are found?

A

cytoplasm

35
Q

-Liquid part of the cytoplasm
-Primarily made of water
-Also contains ions, small molecules, proteins, lipids & other organic compound

A

cytosol

36
Q

What are cytoplasmic organelles?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
lysosomes
centriole
pigment
secretory granules
cytoplasmic inclusion

37
Q

Intercommunicating channel composed of membrane-enclosed sacs and tubules

A

endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

is more common type, has attached ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

more tubular and non gradular, has no attached ribosomes; a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and storage of calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells.

A

Smooth ER

40
Q

It helps in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in endocrine cells?

A

ER

41
Q

Composed of sets of cisternae (flattened membrane-bound sac) and vesicles
Sorts and packages molecules for use within the cell or for exocytosis (cell secretion)

A

Golgi apparatus/ complex

42
Q

Have smooth outer membrane & inner membrane has numerous folds and power plant of the cell?

A

Mitochondrion

43
Q

Mitochondrion Have smooth outer membrane & inner membrane has numerous folds called

A

cristae

44
Q

-The power house of the cell
- Responsible for producing considerable amounts of ATP by aerobic respiration
- It is the site of adenosine triphosphate synthesis and fatty acid oxidation

A

Mitochondrion

45
Q

T/F: Cells which require more energy have more mitochondria

A

TRUE

46
Q

EXAMPLES OF CELLS THAT REQUIRES MORE METOCHONDRIA?

A

MUSCLE, NERVE, SPERM, KIDNEY, LIVER CELLS

47
Q

EXAMPLES OF CELLS THAT REQUIRES LESS METOCHONDRIA

A

adipose cells, epithelial cells, RBCs, cartilage cells

48
Q

Small-membrane bound bodies with hydrolytic enzymes
-the organelle in animal cells that contains enzyme to break down waste materials and cellular debris

A

Lysosomes

49
Q

what do u call the enzyme for intracellular digestion?

A

acid hydrolases

50
Q

-Small, cylindrical organelle composed of microtubules and Involved in cell division such as mitosis by the formation of the mitotic spindle?

A

centriole

51
Q

are substances that do not require staining by dyes because they already possess their own color? abundant in plant cells

A

pigments

52
Q

are large dense granules with membranes and is fuse with cell membrane to secrete substances out of the cell

A

secretory substances

53
Q

Substances that are suspended in the cytoplasm

A

cytoplasmic inclusion

54
Q

maintain cell structure & shape as it provides resiliency

A

microfilaments

55
Q

linear polymers of tubulin, a network forms the spindle apparatus during cell division

A

microtubules

56
Q

site for protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

57
Q

store fatty acids and sterols

A

lipid droplets

58
Q

for glucose cycle; abundant in liver cells

A

glycogen granules

59
Q

Largest and most prominent organelle

A

nucleus

60
Q

-Accounts for almost 10% of the volume of the entire cell
-Control center of the cell
-Contains the genetic material DNA which is organized into chromosomes

A

nucleus

61
Q

t/f : RBCs and platelets lose nucleus as they mature

A

true

62
Q

Nucleus is source for

A

rRNA (RIBOSOMAL)
mRNA (MESSENGER)
tRNA (Transfer)

63
Q

is the nucleus two layered outer limit separating it from cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

64
Q

acts as selective channels between the cytoplasm and the inside of nucleus, selectively allowing molecules contain the correct localization of signal to pass in and out.

A

nuclear pores

65
Q

found inside the nucleus, made up of DNA AND proteins and forms chromosomes during cell division?

A

Chromatin

66
Q

TWO GENERAL TYPES OF CHROMATIN?

A

EUCHROMATIN AND HETEROCHROMATIN

67
Q

Appears light colored and less dense. Undergoes active transcription

A

Euchromatin

68
Q

appears tightly coiled , dark and has coarse granule and is inactive

A

heterochromatin

69
Q

is the fluid contained in the nucleus?

A

nucleoplasm

70
Q

suspended in nucleoplasm and is rich in proteins and nucleic acids, where rRNA is transcribed and assemble?

A

nucleolus

71
Q

A long, thread-like structure made of DNA and associated proteins called

A

histones

72
Q

Loosely packed form is called

A

chromatin

73
Q

-Carries genetic information
-Transmits genetic information
-Controls gene expression

A

chromosome

74
Q

humans have how many chromosomes?

A

46 chromosome

75
Q

how many pairs are autosome? (traits, body
functions)

A

22

76
Q

How many pair of sex chromosome?

A

1

77
Q

symbol for male and female?

A

XY MALE
XX FEMALE

78
Q

Errors in cell division (nondisjunction, when chromosomes fail to separate)

A

down syndrome

79
Q

Result is three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two

A

trisomy 21

80
Q

What are functions of cell?

A

energy production
protein synthesis
cell communication
transport of material
cell division
homeostasis
response to stimuli
metabolism
waste removal and specialization

81
Q

draw eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell

A
82
Q

golgi apparatus is composed of sets of? flattened membrane bound sac ?

A

cisternae

83
Q

in mitochondrion____ contains enzymes, mtDNA, ribosomes, metabolites

A

matrix

84
Q

draw and label parts of chromosome

A

Zoology(Midterms) (3 decks)

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