Chapter 5 Cell Respiration and Metabolism

Question 1

What is metabolism

Answer 1

A reaction in the body that involves energy and energy transformation

Question 2

What are the two categories of metabolism

Answer 2

Anabolism

Catabolism

Question 3

What is Anabolism

Answer 3

Construction of smaller units into larger units using ATP

Question 4

Catabolism

Answer 4

Break down of complex molecules into smaller units which releases energy

Question 5

What does OIL-RIG stand for

Answer 5

Oxidation
Is
Loss (of electrons)

Reduction
Is
Gain (of electrons)

Question 6

What is made in Glycolysis

Answer 6

2 ATP used
2 ATP net made
2 Pyruvic acid
2 NADH
2 H+

Question 7

Anaerobic conditions cause what to happen (cori cycle)

Answer 7

1. Pyruvic acid turns into lactate by lactate dehydrogenase which then turns into lactic acid.
2. This causes NADH to be oxidised for glycolysis
3. Lactic acid enters liver where gluconeogensis occurs to convert lactic acid into pyruvate and then into glucose

This produces 2 ATP

Question 8

What happens in Krebs cycle

Answer 8

Pyruvic acid leaves cytoplasm and enters matrix
Acetyl coenzyme and oxaloacetate form citrate

2 cycles of Krebs occurs:
Forms...
6 NADH
2 FADH
2 ATP

Question 9

What happens in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 9

Production of ATP via pairing of electron transport system with phosphorylation of ADP

1. Proteins pick up electrons from NADH and FADH2 and transport them along a pathway
2. Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 allows H+ to be used for phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
3. H+ is pumped into membrane, causes gradient which diffuses through ATP synthase
4. Production of 36 ATP molecules - 30 enter the cytoplasm

Question 10

What is glycogenesis

Answer 10

Formation of glycogen from glucose

Question 11

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 11

conversion of glycogen back into glucose

Question 12

What is gluconeogensis

Answer 12

the production of new glucose using the lactic acid produced in the cori cycle

Question 13

What happens if intake of food exceeds immediate need?

Answer 13

Glucose is converted into glycogen and stored as fat

Question 14

What is Lipogenesis

Answer 14

formation of fat

Usually in the adipose tissue and liver

Question 15

What is lipolysis

Answer 15

break down of stored fat into glyerol + fatty acids by lipase enzymes

Question 16

How many essential amino acids are obtained from eating food and what happens to excess amino acids

Answer 16

8

Converted into glucose or fat