Chapter 5: Business Ethics

Question 1

ethics and morals (used interchangeably) deal with standards of… (3)

Answer 1

right/wrong
fairness
justice

Question 2

ethics

Answer 2

standards of conduct originating from an external source

Question 3

morals

Answer 3

standards of conduct originating from within the individual

Question 4

normative ethics

Answer 4

primary focus of this class; what should be occuring

Question 5

normative ethics demands a more meaningful anchor than just…

Answer 5

“everyone is doing it”

Question 6

conventional approach to business ethics

Answer 6

compare the business practice to norms of society, then decide: ethical or not

ethical decision → aligns with that of society

Question 7

Gallup (2020) finds that __% of the public rates the ethics of business executives very high/high.

Answer 7

17

Question 8

ethical relativism

Answer 8

picking and choosing what norms one wants to use based on what will either justify actions or maximize freedom

Question 9

Morality is _____ to the norm’s of a culture. One action may be morally right in one society but wrong in another – there are no _____ _____

Answer 9

relative
universal standards

Question 10

If ethical relativism is correct, there is no ________ _________ for resolving moral disputes or for _________ ________ among different societies

Answer 10

common framework
reaching agreement

Question 11

The law reflects what society thinks are _______ __________ of conduct and behavior

Answer 11

minimal standards

Question 12

immoral management

Answer 12

devoid of ethical principles and an active opposition to what is ethical; seeking corporate or personal gain; ends justify the means

Question 13

moral management

Answer 13

conforms to the highest ethical standards of behavior

Question 14

amoral management

Answer 14

being unaware or indifferent to questions of right or wrong

Question 15

intentional amoral management

Answer 15

does not even consider ethical factors; believing business activity lies outside to which judgements apply

Question 16

unintentional amoral management

Answer 16

casual or careless about ethics; don’t think what they’re doing has an ethical dimension

Question 17

unconscious bias

Answer 17

may believe to be ethical, unknowingly allowing unconscious thought/bias to influence decisions

Question 18

population hypothesis around management ethics models

Answer 18

distribution of 3 models approximate a normal curve, with the amoral group occupying the large middle part of the curve; moral and immoral occupying the tails

Question 19

individual hypothesis around management ethics models

Answer 19

within the individual manager, these 3 models may operate at various times and under various circumstances

Question 20

Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development

Answer 20

Level 1: Preconventional – avoid punishment and maximize rewards; self-interested; mostly children

Level 2: Conventional – greater maturity, beginning to consider others; making decisions based on societal norms

Level 3: Postconventional – few reach this stage; focus on humankind

Question 21

Why people behave ethically depends on the level of moral development (Kohlberg) and your _____ of your _____.

Answer 21

source of your values

Question 22

values

Answer 22

beliefs of individuals that motivate them to behave in a certain way

Question 23

values deals with individual concepts of the ________ ______, ______, or ______ of certain ideas

Answer 23

relative worth
utility
importance

Question 24

values shape ______

Answer 24

ethics

Question 25

sources of values external to the org (3)

Answer 25

religious/philosophical values
cultural values
legal/professional values

Question 26

Traditionally our culture looked to church and families/community as sources of values; today, however, it can be argued that _______ is what is influencing ________ and __________.

Answer 26

culture
religion and philosophy

Question 27

sources of value internal to the org examples (4)

Answer 27

respect for authority
loyalty to boss/org
conformity to practices
performance counts above all

Question 28

values internal to an organization form a, what?

Answer 28

bottom-line mentality