Chapter 5 Body Chemistry

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

simplest component form which all other chemical structures are built.

Question 2

How many elements does the human body contain?

Answer 2

26 elements

Question 3

Isotope

Answer 3

two or more forms of the same atom that have different atomic masses (due to diff # of neutrons).

Question 4

Which elements/chemicals make up 96% of the body’s mass?

Answer 4

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen (O, C, H, N)

Question 5

3.9% of the body’s mass is made up from what elements?

Answer 5

Calcium, Chlorine, Iodine, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sodium, and Sulfur.

Question 6

Anabolism

Answer 6

a biochemical reaction in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances, resulting in the storage of energy, the production of new cellular material, and growth.

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

a biochemical process involved in the breakdown of organic compounds, usually leading to the production of energy.

Question 8

Metabolism

Answer 8

the sum of all energy-producing processes that occur in the human body.

Question 9

What is the most important thing for our body?

Answer 9

Water. H20.

Question 10

Name fat-soluble vitamins.

Answer 10

A, D, E, and K

Question 11

atoms

Answer 11

smallest unit of matter, living and non living

Question 12

subatomic particles

Answer 12

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 13

Nucleus of an atom

Answer 13

contains protons and neutrons

Question 14

What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Answer 14

Postivive - proton, neutral - neutron, negative - electron

Question 15

Molecule/Compound

Answer 15

two or more elements bond together

Question 16

Ion

Answer 16

atom that is positivively or negatively charged

Question 17

Electrolyte

Answer 17

substance that can break apart into two more ions when placed in water (electrically charged)

Question 18

What are the main electrolytes in the body?

Answer 18

Calcium, Chloride, Iodine, Magnesium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and sodium.

Question 19

Acids

Answer 19

substances that will release hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 20

Solution

Answer 20

two substances in uneven amounts mixed together

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

susbstance that will bind to Hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 22

Example of Acid in the body?

Answer 22

Gastric Fluid

Question 23

Base measurements on the pH scale?

Answer 23

7-14

Question 24

Acid measurements on the pH scale

Answer 24

0-7

Question 25

Body’s pH?

Answer 25

between 7.35-7.45

Question 26

pH buffer?

Answer 26

substance that chemically changes strong substances into weak ones to maintain body’s pH.

Question 27

Body’s building blocks?

Answer 27

Protein

Question 28

How much does protein account for energy usage?

Answer 28

5-10%

Question 29

Function of Carbohydrates?

Answer 29

provide the energy needed by the body immediately, especially for brian function, digestion, and absorption.

Question 30

Fats

Answer 30

Provide stored energy and protect the body and internal organs, act as insulation

Question 31

Vitamins

Answer 31

necessary for maintenance of essential body functions and grown, minerals support the structure and help regulate metabolic processes.

Question 32

Free Radicals

Answer 32

reactive molecules the body produces as ar result of metabolic processes or disease. Cause tissue damage.

Question 33

Sources of antioxidants

Answer 33

essential oils, berries, fruits, and vegetables