Chapter 5: Biological Systems + Endocrine System

Question 1

Order for cell level complexity

Answer 1

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems

Question 2

Vascular plants

Answer 2

Contain vascular tissue which is responsible for transporting water and minerals through the plant

Question 3

Non-vascular plants

Answer 3

Only require simplified tissues to function, such as moss

Question 4

Types of vascular plant cells

Answer 4

Xylem
Phloem
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
Parenchyma

Question 5

Vascular plant tissues

Answer 5

Dermal tissue
Ground tissue

Question 6

Dermal tissue

Answer 6

Refers to the single layer of cells surrounding the plant, acting as a physical barrier

Question 7

Ground tissue

Answer 7

Makes up the majority of the interior of the plant and carry out metabolic functions

Question 8

Plant Organs

Answer 8

Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Stems
Roots

Question 9

The root system

Answer 9

Typically underground
Absorbs water and nutrients from the soil for the plant
Provides structure to the plant

Question 10

The shoot system

Answer 10

Made up of the reproductive (fruit and flowers) and non-reproductive (leaves and stems) systems

Question 11

Four major animal tissue types

Answer 11

Muscle
Nerves
Connective
Epithelial

Question 12

Digestive system

Answer 12

Breaks down and processes food to be used by the body
Eliminates food waste that is not digested via egestion

Question 13

Excretory system

Answer 13

Removes waste substances from the blood via secretion
Also assists in the water control in the body

Question 14

Endocrine system

Answer 14

Responsible for the production and secretion of hormones which control and regulate bodily processes

Question 15

Terrestrial plants

Answer 15

Require a water supply, carbon dioxide and sunlight to survive

Question 16

Aquatic plants

Answer 16

Require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and oxygen for respiration

Question 17

Non-vascular plants

Answer 17

Plants that don’t produce seeds don’t have a vascular system such as moss

Question 18

Vascular plants

Answer 18

Plants that produce seeds have a vascular system such as flowers and fruit

Question 19

The shoot system

Answer 19

All organs that are found above ground are a
part of the shoot system (stem, leaves and reproductive systems)
Responsible for transportation of resources, the absorption of oxygen and carbon dioxide, reproduction and photosynthesis

Question 20

The root system

Answer 20

All organs found below the ground such as roots and root hairs
Responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil

Question 21

Vascular tissue

Answer 21

Primary components are the xylem and phloem

Question 22

Xylem

Answer 22

Responsible for transporting water and dissolved nutrients up the stem of a plant away from the roots
Water passes up by root pressure and transpiration
Dead cell, creates structure for the plants

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Responsible for carrying organic nutrients throughout any part of the plant, sucrose in particular
Phloem cells are living, the innermost layer

Question 24

What are the 2 types of phloem cells?

Answer 24

Sieve tubes
Companion cells

Question 25

Sieve tubes

Answer 25

They are long, thin phloem cells with large pores through the cell walls at either end

Question 26

Companion cells

Answer 26

Found beside the sieve tubes
They control the activity of the sieve tubes as they don’t have an nuclei or organelles

Question 27

Adhesion

Answer 27

Waters natural tendency to climb certain substances
Xylem vessels are quite narrow and water is able to climb through alone for the most part

Question 28

Cohesion

Answer 28

The forces of attraction between the water molecules to pull themselves up

Question 29

Transpiration

Answer 29

The constant movement of water upwards driven by the evaporation of water in leaves

Question 30

Transpiration stream

Answer 30

The continuous movement of water through the plant

Question 31

Transpiration pull

Answer 31

The process where water is vertically pulled up the xylem

Question 32

Stomata

Answer 32

Small pores that provide openings in the epidermis and cuticle
Main function is to allow gases to move rapidly in and out of the leaf

Question 33

Guard cells

Answer 33

Guard cells help regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata

Question 34

Endocrine system

Answer 34

Responsible for producing hormones and signalling molecules

Question 35

Signalling molecules

Answer 35

Can instruct cells to alter genes expression, open and close channels, release other signalling molecules or even die

Question 36

Hormones

Answer 36

One of the most important types of signalling molecules as they allow growth, metabolise and the ability to maintain a stable internal environment