Chapter 5 - Avoid Illusions of Knowing Flashcards
What is metacognition?
Monitoring your own thinking.
How do we become more competent?
- Learn to recognize competence in others
- Become more accurate judges of what we know and what we don’t know
- Adopt learning strategies and get results
- Find objective ways to track our progress
What are two systems of knowing?
- System 1 - Fast - unconscious, intuitive, and immediate
- System 2 - Slow - conscious analysis and reasoning
How do we improve our competence?
- Learn when to trust your intuition and when to question it
What is motivated reasoning?
- the tendency of people of convincing themselves of convenient conclusions while denying the truth of inconvenient ones
How can memory be distorted?
- people impose order where there is none to make a more logical story
- we cannot remember everything so we remember events with the most emotional significance
- we fill in gaps with details that are consistent with the narrative
What is imagination inflation?
The tendency of people, when asked to imagine an event vividly, will sometimes begin to believe when asked later, that the event actually occurred.
What is interference?
When other events involved in a memory distort it.
What is the curse of knowledge?
Our tendency to underestimate how long it will take someone to learn something after we have mastered it.
What is the feeling of knowing?
Accounts that sound familiar can be mistaken for true.
What is a fluency illusion?
Our tendency to mistake fluency with a text to mastery of the content.
How does social influence affect memory?
Our memories tend to align with the memories of people around us or memory conformity or the social contagion of memory.
What is the false consensus affect?
The assumption that others share our beliefs.
Why do incompetent people lack the skills to improve?
They are unable to distinguish between competence and incompetence.
How do you calibrate your judgement?
Use frequent testing and retrieval practice.
