Chapter 5 and 6 Flashcards by Sheila Throckmorton

Which type of Iron ore is mixed with the binder in a balling drum to form pellets

Taconite

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What task is performed by magnetic separators?

Separate out the iron or from the rock waste

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What three materials are melted in a blast furnace

Coke, limestone and iron ore

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Which ingredient in a blast furnace combines with impurities to form slag

Limestone

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When a blast furnace is tapped, what material is removed first

Molten iron

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What is a pig,

Long bolts which are cooled and hardened

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What are the two most popular types of steel making furnaces in use today

Basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace

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What type of furnace is used to convert iron ore to pig iron

Basic oxygen furnace

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Describe the basic oxygen process

Blast of oxygen at supersonic speeds to intensify the heat

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Why are lime and fluorspar added to basic oxygen furnaces

Combines with carbon and other impurities to form slag

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Electric arc furnaces are normally used to produce what types of steel

Hi quality steel

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Pouring molten steel into it ingot molds

Teeming

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Removing ingots from the ingot molds

Stripping

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Heating ingots to obtain more uniform properties in the metal

Soaking

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Why are ingots soaked

To prevent the outer surface of the ingot from solidifying before the inside to obtain more uniform properties in the metal

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Where ingots taken after they are removed from the soaking pit

Carried to the rolling mill

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The difference between a batch furnace and a continuous casting furnace

Continuous casting furnace makes a continuous length of metal batch furnace makes a batch and pours and molds and then another batch can be started

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Two types of furnaces used to produce cast iron

The cupola and electric induction furnace

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What is the function of a tundish in the continuous casting process

To regulate the flow to a steady rate and distributes into a series of moving molds

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Name the two elements found in every type of steel

Carbon and iron

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What percentage of carbon is in steel

0% to 2%

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Most steel contains more than what percent iron

0.15% and 1.0%

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As a carbon content in steel increases, does the steel become more brittle or more ductile

More brittle

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As the content of carbon in steel increases does the steel become harder or softer

As the carbon increases the steel gets harder

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As the carbon content in steel increases, does the steel become stronger or weaker

As a carbon increases the steel gets stronger

The first two numbers in the numerical name of the type of steel tells you what

The alloy content

The last two or three digits of a numeric name tells you what

The percentage of carbon in the steel

If there are three digits what does that mean

More than 1% carbon

Wrought iron has what % carbon

Essentially 0%

Cast-iron has what percent carbon

2% to 4%

Steel has what percent carbon

0% to 2%

Name two alloying elements that improve the corrosion resistance of steel

Chromium and copper

Four ways in which alloying elements can improve steel

Increase machinability increase strength increase hardness corrosion resistance

What is the most common type of steel

Carbon steel

Percentage of carbon in low carbon steel

0.05% to 0.35%

Percentage of carbon in medium carbon steel

0.35% to 0.50%

Percentage of carbon in high carbon steel

0.50% may be over 1%

Steel that contains large amounts of nickel and small amount of carbon usually contains 18% to 25% nickel

Maraging steel

What category steel has members with names such as W1 and A6

Tool steel

What does the S stand for in the steel identified as S1

Shock resisting

What two ores are common in stainless steel

Chromium alloy and nickel alloy

Six uses for spring steel

1. Camera shutters 2. Circular cutters and machine-tool industry 3. Fishing rods 4. Putting knives 5. Manage your files 6. Springs for clocks

Five basic types of cast-iron

Gray, white, malleable, ductile, and special alloy

Which type of cast-iron is the most commonly used?

Gray cast-iron

What is the biggest disadvantage of white cast-iron

Brittle and more difficult to machine

What is the advantage of gray and white cast-iron over malleable and ductile cast-iron

The hardness makes it useful for use in Mills and gives it compressive strength

What type of cast iron is produced when carbon is broken down into temper carbon particles

Malleable cast-iron

What are the main advantages of malleable and ductile cast-iron over gray and white cast-iron?

More tensile strength ductility and impact strength

Wrought iron offers very good resistance against?

Corrosion

Alloying element in nitriding steels

Aluminum 0.95 -1.3%

Principal effect of aluminum for steel

Alloying element in nitriding steels. Deoxidization

Principal effects of bismuth for steel

Improves machinability

Tool steel category W

Water hardening

Tool steel category O

Oil hardening

Tool steel category A

Air hardening

Tool steel category D

Oil or air hardening

Tool steel category S

Shock resisting

Tool steel category H

Hot working

Tool steel category M

High-speed molybdenum

Tool steel category T

High-speed tungsten

Tool steel category L

Special purpose

Tool steel category From

Special purpose

Tool steel category P

Mold making

Effects of alloying carbon on steel

Hardness, strength, wear

Effects of alloying chromium on steel

Corrosion resistance, hardenability

Effects of alloying lead on steel

Machinability

Effects of alloying manganese on steel

Strength, hardenability, more response to heat treatment

Effects of alloying nickel on steel

Toughness, strength

Effects of alloying silicon on steel

Deoxidization , hardenability

Effects of Alloying tungsten on steel

High temperature strength, wear

Effects of alloying molybdenum on steel

High temperature strength, hardenability

Effects of alloying sulfur on steel

Machinability

The effects of alloying titanium on steel

Elimination of carbide precipitation

Effects of alloying vanadium on steel

Fine-grained, toughness

Effects of alloying boron to steel

Hardenability

Effects of alloying copper on steel

Corrosion resistance, strength

Effects of alloying columbium on steel

Elimination of carbide precipitation

Effects of alloying phosphorus on steel

Strength

Effects of alloying tellurium on steel

Machinability

Effects of alloying cobalt on steel

Hardness, wear

In steel iron dissolves the carbon, and gray cast-iron the carbon precipitates out as carbon flex in ductile cast-iron the carbon precipitates out as

Small round nodules

Bloom

8" X 8" square or greater in various lengths

Billet

Less then 8" x 8"

Slab

2:1 width to thickness ratio, greater than 2" thick

Round

Circular section of any diameter

Austerities

Basics steel structure wherein carbon is dissolved in iron at elevated temps