Chapter 1, 2 and 3 Flashcards
What are some things that can be learned from a study of metallurgy?
Properties of metals
What metal is the main ingredient in steel?
Iron
Why are other metals added to steel?
Different properties
Metals can be divided into two general categories. Name the two categories.
Ferrous and nonferrous
Reheating of metal to slightly soften it. Helpful to make metal more stress-free, distortion-free, and crack-free,
Tempering
Heat treating process that causes the metal to relax, removing the internal stresses.
Process Annealing
Produces a hard surface on the metal part while the interior core remains relatively soft and ductile.
Case Hardening
Workable; not brittle
Ductile
Large group of atoms or molecules
Family
Family of atoms that may be large enough to be seen with the naked eye
Grain or Crystal
Special kind of mixture
Solution
Solution in which both the solvent and solute are solids.
Solid Solution
two or more metals are dissolved together in a solid solution.
Alloys
Solutes that are dissolved
Alloys or alloying elements
Measure of resistance to deformation or a measure of resistance to penetration
Hardness
Hardness is ?
Strength, brittleness and ductility
Diameter size of the resulting impression (dent) is measured?
Brinell Hardness Testing Method
Fast and crude. Hard or Soft. Sample is scratched by the edge of a tool or object
Scratch hardness
First precision Quantitative hardness test for metals. Usually used on softer metals.
Brinell Hardness Testing method
Make very small indenture; use smaller loads; good for thin, brittle or small parts;
Microhardness Testing Method
Two type of microhardness testing methods
Vickers and Knoop Microhardness Testing
3 Main differences of Vickers and Brinell
Penetrator has a different shape; The load (force) is less; and the methods use different units.
Advantage of Vickers microhardness testing?
Used on harder materials because the pointed penetrator can probe into a hard surface more easily than a ball penetrator can; Can be used on smaller area; requires a smalller load.
Uses a smaller load than Vickers; Load of merely 25 grams can be used for extremely small areas. Does not have a square base.
Knoop Microhardness Testing Method
Advantages of Knoop Microhardness testing
Does essentially no damage to the specimen; can be used on very thin materials and on small surface areas.
Most widely used of all metal hardness testing method. Eliminates the effects of small surface imperfections by applying a preliminary load (minor load) to the sample before the hardness test is taken
Rockwell Hardness Testing Method
What does atom mean?
Indivisible
5 Properties of metal
Ability to conduct electricity; ability to conduct heat; Hardness; high density; not transparent.
What type of particle is formed when two or more atoms are chemically bonded
a molecule
Two differences of compound and mixture
Compound is chemically joined and mixture is not and characteristics of mixture the same as the items that make it up.
In which hardness testing method is the hardest based on the diameter of the indenture?
Brinell hardness testing
Which hardness testing method does the impression look like a diamond, with one axis seven times as long as the other
Knoop microhardness testing method
In which hardness testing method is the hardest for you depending on the height of the bounce
Shore scleroscope hardness testing method
In which to hardness testing method is the hardest depending on the depth of the penetration rather than the width of the penetration
Rockwell hardness testing method and Rockwell superficial hardness testing method
In which hardness testing method is a diamond tipped magneticoStrictive Rod used
Sonodur
In which hardness testing methods is a minor load applied first to get through the outer surface of the metal before making the hardness test
Rockwell hardness testing method and Rockwell superficial hardness testing method
In most hardness testing methods the surface should be horizontal and as flat and smooth as possible. In which hardness testing method is this most critical?
Shore scleroscope hardness testing method
In which type of hardness testing method is the hardest dependent on the width of a square, diamond shape impression?
Vickers hardness testing method
In which hardness testing method is a very small impression made by diamond penetrator using a load so small it is measured in grams instead of kilograms?
Knoop Microhardness testing method
Which hardness testing method employees either a C, A, E, G or K scale?
Rockwell hardness testing method
List the hardness testing method that measures hardness in units of BHN?
Sonodur and Brinell
Microhardness testers another name for which hardness testing methods
Vickers and Knoop Micro hardness testing methods
What hardness testing method uses a 10 mm diameter ball in the 3000 kg force
Brinell hardness testing method
The 30 T scale refers to which hardness testing method
Rockwell superficial hardness testing method
Name the hardness testing method involves scratching the surface with 10 stones
Mohs scale hardness testing method
Name hardness testing method that uses either diamond point penetrator or a ball penetrator would loads of 15 kg, 30 kg, or 45 kg?
Rockwell superficial hardness testing method
Which hardness testing that is the fastest to use but does not give accurate numerical results
File hardness testing method
In the 40 5T scale, what does the 45 stand for?
The load in kilograms
What is the greatest hardness value, in Rockwell units, that steel can attain?
70 Rc
Which Rockwell hardness test, what skill is most commonly used for hard metals?
Rockwell “C “
Hardness reacting to loads
Strength
Hardness with little deformity before fracture
Brittleness
Hardness related to stretching
Ductility
Hardness relating to ease of cutting
Machinability
Hardness related to ease of stamping or extruding
Formability
Hardness related to impact response
Toughness
Based on the way hardness affects the resonant frequency of a piece of metal
Sonodur
Extractive metallurgy
The study of extraction and purification of metals from their ores
Mechanical metallurgy
Stacy effects of stress time temperature right of healing and cooling geometry of the metal and finish product and the effects of the environment
Physical metallurgy
Studies the effects of material microstructure on the properties of metals
