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chapter 5 - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of the organs and systems of he body

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of there organs and systems

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3
Q

Gross anatomy

A

study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

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4
Q

histology

A

study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope

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5
Q

cells

A

the basic units of life.

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6
Q

protoplasm

A

a colorless gel like substance that contains water, salt and nutrients obtained from food

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7
Q

nucleus

A

control center of cell activities, is vitally important for reproduction

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

the production department of the cell

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9
Q

organelles

A

perform most of the cell’s activities

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10
Q

cell membrane

A

outer surface of the cell

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11
Q

Mitosis

A

human cells reproduce by dividing in half

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12
Q

metabolism

A

chemical process by which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction

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13
Q

anabolism

A

the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones

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14
Q

catabolism

A

the process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones

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15
Q

epithelial

A

tissue covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs

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16
Q

connective tissue

A

supports, protects ad holds the body together

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17
Q

nerve tissue

A

carries messages to and form the brain and coordinates body functions

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18
Q

muscular tissue

A

contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion

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19
Q

liquid tissue

A

carries food, waste products and hormones

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20
Q

liver

A

which removes the toxic by products of digestion

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21
Q

kidneys

A

which eliminate water and waste products

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22
Q

skin

A

the body’s largest organ, which forms the external protective layer of the body

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23
Q

Endocrine

A

controls growth, health and reproduction

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24
Q

integumentary

A

covers and protects the entire body

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25
Skeletal system
the physical foundation of the body. | 206 bones of different
26
Osteology
is the study of bones
27
Frontal
bone extends from the top of the eyes to top of the head and forms the forehead
28
Parietal
bones form the crown and upper sides of the head
29
occipital
bone forms the back of the skull, indenting above the nape area
30
temporal
bones are located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal bones
31
sphenoid
is locate behind the eyes and nose and connects all the bones of the cranium
32
ethmoid
the spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity
33
14?
that compose the facial skeleton
34
9?
affected by facial massage
35
mandible
the lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton
36
maxillae
the two bones of the upper jaw
37
cervical vertebrae
the seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column, are often lightly massaged during a facial treatment
38
hyoid
bone is the U shaped bone referred to as the "adam's apple" located in the throat. not connected to any other bone.
39
thorax
the bony cage made up of the spine
40
thoracic vertebrae
spine
41
carpals
the eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus
42
metacarpals
the five long, thin bone that form the palm of the hand
43
phalanges
the 14 bones that form the digits or fingers. | each finger has three phalanges, while the thumb has only two.
44
Myology
the study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles.
45
inferioris
located below or smaller than
46
levator
lifts up
47
voluntary or striated
muscles respond to conscious commands
48
Involuntary or non-striated
muscles respond automatically to control various body functions, including the internal organs
49
cardiac
muscle is the muscle of the heart itself and the only muscle of its type in the human body
50
Origin
the nonmoving portion of the muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscle
51
belly
the term applied to the midsection of the muscle, between the two attached sections
52
insertion
the portion of the muscle joined to movable attachments; bones, movable muscles or skin
53
tendons
the bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to the bones
54
Ligaments
are dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect the bones to each other
55
scalp or epicranium
is covered by a broad muscle called the ("epicranius")
56
frontalis
muscle extends from the forehead to the top of the skull
57
auricularis superior
muscle is located above the ear
58
corrugator
under the eyebrows, controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward
59
levator palpebrae uperioris
located above the eyelids, opens the eyelid
60
quadratus labii inferioris
located below the lower lip, pulls the lower lip down or to the side
61
caninus
above the corners of the mouth, raises the angle of the mouth, as in snarling
62
temporalis
located above and in front of the ear and opens and closes the jaw
63
platysma
extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulders and chest and depresses the lower jaw and lip, as in expressing sadness
64
sternocleido mastoideus
extends along the side of the neck from the ear to the collarbone and moves the head from side to side and up and down
65
serratus anterior
located under the arm
66
supinator
runs parallel to the ulna
67
pronator
runs across the front of the lower part of the radius and the ulna
68
extensor radialls
located mid forearm, on the outside of the arm
69
circulatory or vascular system
controls the circulation of blood and lymph through the body
70
cardiovascular or blood vascular
system, including the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries, circulates the blood
71
lymph vascular
system circulates lymph through lymph glands, lymph nodes and vessels
72
pericardium
heart a fist sized, cone-shaped, muscular organ located in the chest cavity. entirely encased in a membrane called_______.
73
heartbeat
normal heart beats 60-80 per min
74
blood
he sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body, bringing nourishment and oxygen to all body parts and carrying toxins and waste products to the liver and kidneys to be eliminated
75
red blood cells
erythrocytes. red corpuscles. carry oxygen and contains protein called hemoglobin
76
Hemoglobin
attracts oxygen molecules through a process known as "oxygenation"
77
white blood cells
leucocytes. white corpuscles. help protect the body by fighting bacteria
78
blood platelets or thrombocytes
begin the process of coagulation, or clotting, when exposed to air or trauma in the skin tissue, such as bruising
79
plasma
the fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended. 90%water
80
blood vessels
any vessels through which blood circulates in the body

Esthetics (4 decks)

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