chapter 5 - Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomy
study of the organs and systems of he body
physiology
study of the functions of there organs and systems
Gross anatomy
study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
histology
study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope
cells
the basic units of life.
protoplasm
a colorless gel like substance that contains water, salt and nutrients obtained from food
nucleus
control center of cell activities, is vitally important for reproduction
cytoplasm
the production department of the cell
organelles
perform most of the cell’s activities
cell membrane
outer surface of the cell
Mitosis
human cells reproduce by dividing in half
metabolism
chemical process by which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction
anabolism
the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
catabolism
the process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones
epithelial
tissue covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs
connective tissue
supports, protects ad holds the body together
nerve tissue
carries messages to and form the brain and coordinates body functions
muscular tissue
contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion
liquid tissue
carries food, waste products and hormones
liver
which removes the toxic by products of digestion
kidneys
which eliminate water and waste products
skin
the body’s largest organ, which forms the external protective layer of the body
Endocrine
controls growth, health and reproduction
integumentary
covers and protects the entire body
Skeletal system
the physical foundation of the body.
206 bones of different
Osteology
is the study of bones
Frontal
bone extends from the top of the eyes to top of the head and forms the forehead
Parietal
bones form the crown and upper sides of the head
occipital
bone forms the back of the skull, indenting above the nape area
temporal
bones are located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal bones
sphenoid
is locate behind the eyes and nose and connects all the bones of the cranium
ethmoid
the spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity
14?
that compose the facial skeleton
9?
affected by facial massage
mandible
the lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton
maxillae
the two bones of the upper jaw
cervical vertebrae
the seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column, are often lightly massaged during a facial treatment
hyoid
bone is the U shaped bone referred to as the “adam’s apple” located in the throat.
not connected to any other bone.
thorax
the bony cage made up of the spine
thoracic vertebrae
spine
carpals
the eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus
metacarpals
the five long, thin bone that form the palm of the hand
phalanges
the 14 bones that form the digits or fingers.
each finger has three phalanges, while the thumb has only two.
Myology
the study of the structure, function and diseases of the muscles.
inferioris
located below or smaller than
levator
lifts up
voluntary or striated
muscles respond to conscious commands
Involuntary or non-striated
muscles respond automatically to control various body functions, including the internal organs
cardiac
muscle is the muscle of the heart itself and the only muscle of its type in the human body
Origin
the nonmoving portion of the muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscle
belly
the term applied to the midsection of the muscle, between the two attached sections
insertion
the portion of the muscle joined to movable attachments; bones, movable muscles or skin
tendons
the bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to the bones
Ligaments
are dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect the bones to each other
scalp or epicranium
is covered by a broad muscle called the (“epicranius”)
frontalis
muscle extends from the forehead to the top of the skull
auricularis superior
muscle is located above the ear
corrugator
under the eyebrows, controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward
levator palpebrae uperioris
located above the eyelids, opens the eyelid
quadratus labii inferioris
located below the lower lip, pulls the lower lip down or to the side
caninus
above the corners of the mouth, raises the angle of the mouth, as in snarling
temporalis
located above and in front of the ear and opens and closes the jaw
platysma
extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulders and chest and depresses the lower jaw and lip, as in expressing sadness
sternocleido mastoideus
extends along the side of the neck from the ear to the collarbone and moves the head from side to side and up and down
serratus anterior
located under the arm
supinator
runs parallel to the ulna
pronator
runs across the front of the lower part of the radius and the ulna
extensor radialls
located mid forearm, on the outside of the arm
circulatory or vascular system
controls the circulation of blood and lymph through the body
cardiovascular or blood vascular
system, including the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries, circulates the blood
lymph vascular
system circulates lymph through lymph glands, lymph nodes and vessels
pericardium
heart a fist sized, cone-shaped, muscular organ located in the chest cavity.
entirely encased in a membrane called_______.
heartbeat
normal heart beats 60-80 per min
blood
he sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body, bringing nourishment and oxygen to all body parts and carrying toxins and waste products to the liver and kidneys to be eliminated
red blood cells
erythrocytes.
red corpuscles.
carry oxygen and contains protein called hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
attracts oxygen molecules through a process known as “oxygenation”
white blood cells
leucocytes.
white corpuscles.
help protect the body by fighting bacteria
blood platelets or thrombocytes
begin the process of coagulation, or clotting, when exposed to air or trauma in the skin tissue, such as bruising
plasma
the fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended.
90%water
blood vessels
any vessels through which blood circulates in the body
