chapter 4 - microbiology

Question 1

microbiology

Answer 1

the study of small living organisms called microbes

Question 2

bacteria

Answer 2

also called germs or microbes, are one - called microorganisms

Question 3

pathogenic

Answer 3

disease producing bacteris -30%

Question 4

nonpathogenic

Answer 4

nondisease producing bacteria -70%

Question 5

saprophytes

Answer 5

are nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter

Question 6

bacteriology

Answer 6

the study of bacteria

Question 7

cocci

Answer 7

are spherical or round-shaped bacterial cels, which appear singularly or in groups

Question 8

Staphylococci

Answer 8

are pus forming bacterial cells that form grape like bunches or clusters and are present in abscesses, pustules and boils

Question 9

Streptococci

Answer 9

are also pus forming bacterial cells, which form in long chains and can cause septicemia (sometimes called blood poisoning), strep throat, thematic fever and other serious infections

Question 10

Diplococci

Answer 10

are bacterial cells that from in pairs and are the cause of certain infections, including pneumonia

Question 11

Bacilli

Answer 11

are the most common form of bacterial cells. bacilli are bar or bod shaped cells that can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria

Question 12

Spirilla

Answer 12

are spiraled, coiled, corkscrew shaped bacterial cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis and cholera

Question 13

bacteria can cause infection by

Answer 13

invading the body through a break in the skin or though any of the body’s natural openings (nose mouth, eyes, etc) An infection occurs when an insufficient number of antibodies are produced by the body’s immune (defense) system to fight harmful bacteria

Question 14

Active stage

Answer 14

also known as the vegetative stage, bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly. -developing as many as 16 million offspring in 12 hours

Question 15

Inactive stage

Answer 15

not always active, in unfavorable conditions, the cells die or become inactive.

Question 16

virus

Answer 16

as a sub microscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts(meaning it takes over the cell to live) and many are pathogenic

Question 17

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Answer 17

is a highly infectious disease that affects the liver

Question 18

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 18

is a highly infectious disease caused by HIV (or a variant of HIV, called HIV-I), which interferes with the body’s natural immune system and causes it to break down

Question 19

External parasites

Answer 19

are organisms that grow and feed on other living organisms, which are referred to as hosts

Question 20

infection

Answer 20

is the growth of a parasitic organism within the body

Question 21

Bloodborne pathogens

Answer 21

such as HBV and HIV are transmitted though blood or body fluids and cause infectious diseases

Question 22

Contagious infections or communicable diseases

Answer 22

such as tuberculosis are caused by airborne pathogens

Question 23

Tuberculosis

Answer 23

a contagious and potentially fatal infection caused by airborne bacteria that first affect the lungs

Question 24

local infection

Answer 24

is present in a small, confined area often indicated by a pus filled boil, pimple or inflammation

Question 25

general (systemic) infection

Answer 25

occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body

Question 26

universal precautions

Answer 26

using consistent infection control procedures for all clients

Question 27

Immunity

Answer 27

the body’s ability to destroy infectious agents that enter it

Question 28

natural immunity

Answer 28

partially inherited natural resistance to disease

-white blood cells and antibodies to fight disease causing agents

Question 29

passive (acquired) immunity

Answer 29

occurs though ((Vaccinations)) or the injection of antigens, which stimulate the body’s immune response

Question 30

Infection control

Answer 30

is the term used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill microbes

Question 31

levels of infection control

Answer 31

1. sanitation
2. disinfection
3. sterilization

Question 32

cross contamination

Answer 32

when bacteria is spread by contaminated equipment, surfaces, equipment or food

Question 33

Sanitation

Answer 33

lowest level of infection control and serves as the foundation of your infection control program
- physical removal of debris, which reduces the number of microbes present. -also blood and skin particles

Question 34

Disinfection

Answer 34

second level of infection control and means using products (or methods) that kill or destroy bacteria and broad spectrum of viruses

Question 35

Sterilization

Answer 35

the highest level of infection control, destroys all small organisms, including bacterial spores, which neither sanitation nor disinfection can kill

Question 36

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer 36

the regulating agency under the department of labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace

Question 37

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Answer 37

and labeling of products are two important regulations that this agency has instituted to assist in safe operations
-provides key information on a specific product regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels and storage requirements

Question 38

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Answer 38

approves the efficacy of products used for infection control

Question 39

ultraviolet (UV) Light sterilizer

Answer 39

common in most skin care centers and salons, though it is possible to function without one

Question 40

Autoclave

Answer 40

a pressurized, steam heated vessel that sterilizes objects with high pressure and heat or pressurized steam, preventing microorganisms from surviving

Question 41

Chemiclave

Answer 41

a machine that sterilizes surgical instruments with high pressure, high temperature water, alcohol and formaldehyde vapors