chapter 4 - microbiology Flashcards
microbiology
the study of small living organisms called microbes
bacteria
also called germs or microbes, are one - called microorganisms
pathogenic
disease producing bacteris -30%
nonpathogenic
nondisease producing bacteria -70%
saprophytes
are nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter
bacteriology
the study of bacteria
cocci
are spherical or round-shaped bacterial cels, which appear singularly or in groups
Staphylococci
are pus forming bacterial cells that form grape like bunches or clusters and are present in abscesses, pustules and boils
Streptococci
are also pus forming bacterial cells, which form in long chains and can cause septicemia (sometimes called blood poisoning), strep throat, thematic fever and other serious infections
Diplococci
are bacterial cells that from in pairs and are the cause of certain infections, including pneumonia
Bacilli
are the most common form of bacterial cells. bacilli are bar or bod shaped cells that can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, bacterial influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria
Spirilla
are spiraled, coiled, corkscrew shaped bacterial cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis and cholera
bacteria can cause infection by
invading the body through a break in the skin or though any of the body’s natural openings (nose mouth, eyes, etc) An infection occurs when an insufficient number of antibodies are produced by the body’s immune (defense) system to fight harmful bacteria
Active stage
also known as the vegetative stage, bacteria reproduce and grow rapidly. -developing as many as 16 million offspring in 12 hours
Inactive stage
not always active, in unfavorable conditions, the cells die or become inactive.
virus
as a sub microscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts(meaning it takes over the cell to live) and many are pathogenic
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
is a highly infectious disease that affects the liver
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
is a highly infectious disease caused by HIV (or a variant of HIV, called HIV-I), which interferes with the body’s natural immune system and causes it to break down
External parasites
are organisms that grow and feed on other living organisms, which are referred to as hosts
infection
is the growth of a parasitic organism within the body
Bloodborne pathogens
such as HBV and HIV are transmitted though blood or body fluids and cause infectious diseases
Contagious infections or communicable diseases
such as tuberculosis are caused by airborne pathogens
Tuberculosis
a contagious and potentially fatal infection caused by airborne bacteria that first affect the lungs
local infection
is present in a small, confined area often indicated by a pus filled boil, pimple or inflammation
general (systemic) infection
occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body
universal precautions
using consistent infection control procedures for all clients
Immunity
the body’s ability to destroy infectious agents that enter it
natural immunity
partially inherited natural resistance to disease
-white blood cells and antibodies to fight disease causing agents
passive (acquired) immunity
occurs though ((Vaccinations)) or the injection of antigens, which stimulate the body’s immune response
Infection control
is the term used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill microbes
levels of infection control
- sanitation
- disinfection
- sterilization
cross contamination
when bacteria is spread by contaminated equipment, surfaces, equipment or food
Sanitation
lowest level of infection control and serves as the foundation of your infection control program
- physical removal of debris, which reduces the number of microbes present. -also blood and skin particles
Disinfection
second level of infection control and means using products (or methods) that kill or destroy bacteria and broad spectrum of viruses
Sterilization
the highest level of infection control, destroys all small organisms, including bacterial spores, which neither sanitation nor disinfection can kill
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
the regulating agency under the department of labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
and labeling of products are two important regulations that this agency has instituted to assist in safe operations
-provides key information on a specific product regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels and storage requirements
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
approves the efficacy of products used for infection control
ultraviolet (UV) Light sterilizer
common in most skin care centers and salons, though it is possible to function without one
Autoclave
a pressurized, steam heated vessel that sterilizes objects with high pressure and heat or pressurized steam, preventing microorganisms from surviving
Chemiclave
a machine that sterilizes surgical instruments with high pressure, high temperature water, alcohol and formaldehyde vapors
