Chapter 5 Flashcards
Language as a Social Tool
- Infants communicate well before they have language
- Infants learn that language is a tool they can use to have their needs met
- The acquisition of language depends on early communication development
- Infant-Caregiver dialogue
- Caregivers talk about objects that are immediately present in the environment
- The primary caregiver is the primary socializing agent
Role of the Caregiver in Communication w/ Infant
- Has superior flexibility of timing and anticipates the infants behavior
- Has an intuitive curriculum and leads the infant’s behavior
- Is able to monitor and code changes of expression
- Can alternate among different means to attain the desired ends
- Is creative in introducing variations of repetitive vocalization
- Assumes the infant is intending to communicate even when the infant is not, thus causing development
- The infant responds, makes sounds and reactions that the caregiver interprets as communication
- The infant’s eye contact is a form of closeness and communication
- head position, turning towards/away
- Infant influences communication with wakefulness too
Facial Attenuation
- Infants show a bias for listening to speech from birth
- Infants have a visual preference for the human face
- Caregivers interpret eye contact as a sign of interest and attention
- Lack of eye contact has a negative effect
Socialization and Early Communication
- how caregivers maintain stimulation
- how interaction affects the infant’s view of environment
- To maintain attention, a caregiver must modify his/her behavior to provided the appropriate level of stimulation
- Exaggerated facial expressions and voice
- Infant - Caregiver bonding is determined by the quality of interaction
- Infant cries, caregiver responds . . .
- Infant develops an expectation that he/she can control the environment
When do infants begin to smile in response to people?
They smile in response to the human face, eye gaze, and human voice (esp. high pitch) develops at 3-6 weeks
When to infants begin to pay attention to eyes?
They pay attention to eyes around 2 months
When does the social smile begin to emerge?
3-6 weeks
Purpose of Crying
Crying is a infant’s means of communicating /as a result of parental responses/
When can parents reliably identify types of infant cries?
Parents can reliably identify types of cries by 3-4 month
Rituals and Game Playing
-Rituals like feeding provide a child with predictable patterns of behavior and speech
- Games like peek-a-boo have aspects of communication:
- -Exchange of rules
- -Rules for each turn
- -Particular slots for words and actions
- Period of face to face play between 3-6 months
- Exposure to emotions and facial imitation
When does interest in objects beyond noise making toys increase in infants?
Interest in toys and objects increases at around 6 months beyond noise making toys
Infant Emotions: Interest, Distress, Disgust
When does it develop?
Interest, distress and disgust are present at birth
Infant Emotions: Fear
When does it develop?
Fear develops around 5-7 weeks
Infant Emotions: Anger, Surprise, Sadness
Anger, surprise and sadness develop around 3-4 months
Communication Intentions: When it develops, what it is
- At 8-9 months, an infant develops intentionality - goal directed behaviors and the ability to share goals with others
- Communicative intentions are primarily expressed by gestures
- 9-month old children use both gestures and vocalizations to accomplish intention
