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Grade 9 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

• Matter: anything that has mass and volume

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2
Q

What is mass?

A

• Mass: the amount of matter in an object

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3
Q

What is volume?

A

• Volume: the amount of space an object fills

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4
Q

What are the two classifications of matter?

A

• Classifications of matter: pure substances and mixtures

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5
Q

Are sound, light or heat matter?

A

• Sound, light, heat: forms of energy

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6
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

• Pure substance: matter that contains one type of
particle
◦ Two types: elements, compounds

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7
Q

What is an element?

A

• Element: pure substance w/ one kind of particle

◦ Cannot be changed into anything simpler

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8
Q

What is an compound?

A

• Compound: pure substance w/ 2 or more elements
◦ Elements in definite proportions; cannot be
separated by physical means
◦ Elements chemically joined

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9
Q

What is a mixture?

A

• Mixture: matter that contains two / more pure
substances
◦ Two types: Heterogenous mixture, homogenous
mixture
◦ Formed when two / more pure substances put
together
• Particles not chemically joined
◦ Can be separated

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10
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

• Heterogenous mixture: mixture that are not uniform
◦ Particles exist in visible clumps; can be visually
distinguished

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11
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

• Homogeneous mixture: mixture that are uniform
◦ Particles evenly and microscopically mixed
together; they are indistinguishable

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12
Q

What are the two types of properties?

A

• Properties of matter: physical, chemical

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13
Q

What is a physical property?

A

• Physical property: properties of matter that can be
observed with senses, measured, calculated
◦ Many physical properties: detected thru microscope,
x-rays, MRI machines
• Physical properties such as density / solubility are
measured / calculated

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14
Q

What are three states of matter?

A

• States of matter: solid, liquid, gas

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15
Q

What is a solid?

A

• Solid: matter that can be picked up; can be carried w/o

being in special container

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16
Q

What is a liquid?

A

• Liquid: matter that take the shape of the container
they are in; require container to be moved / stored
◦ Flow to lowest level; can be poured

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17
Q

What is a gas?

A

• Gas: matter that takes both volume and shape of
container they are in; require container to be
moved / stored
◦ If not in container, will spread indefinitely

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18
Q

What is a melting point?

A

• Melting point: temperature which substance changes

from solid to gas

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19
Q

What is a boiling point?

A

• Boiling point: temperature which substance changes

from liquid to gas

20
Q

What is malleability?

A

• Malleability: ability for substance to physically

changed in shape

21
Q

What is ductility?

A

• Ductility: ability for substance to be drawn into

wires; ductile substances stretch & not break

22
Q

what is solubility?

A

• Solubility: degree which substance will dissolve in

given amount of another substance

23
Q

What is conductivity?

A

• Conductivity: ability of material to conduct electricity /
heat

24
Q

What is density?

A

• Density: mass per unit of volume

25
Q

What is a chemical properties?

A 
• Chemical property: describes behaviour of substance 
  as it changes into new substance
• Chemical properties include:
 ◦ Whether one substance will react w/ another 
   substance
 ◦ Amount of heat produced by reaction
 ◦ Rate of reaction of substances
 ◦ In what proportion substances react
26
Q

What are the common chemical properties used to identify substances?

A

• Common chemical properties: flammability, corrosion,

reactions w/ acid

27
Q

What is flammability?

A

• Flammability: ability of substances to react rapidly

w/ oxygen, causing a lot of energy to be released

28
Q

How can flammability be used?

A

• Uses of flammability: supply energy to move our cars,

supply heat for homes

29
Q

What are some non-flammable substances?

A

• Non-flammable substances: water and carbon dioxide;

cool and smother fires

30
Q

What is corrosion?

A

• Corrosion: slow reaction of metals w/ chemicals to
form metal oxides
◦ Process called oxidation

31
Q

What is acid?

A

• Acid: highly reactive liquid

32
Q

What materials react with acid?

A

• Materials that react w/ acid: Zinc, magnesium,

limestone

33
Q

How are limestone caves created?

A

• Limestone cave: Created when weakly acidic

groundwater changes limestone to carbon dioxide

34
Q

What are the two kinds of change?

A

• Two kinds of change: Physical & chemical change

35
Q

Where is change and how often does it happen?

A

• Change: Happens everywhere; all the time.

36
Q

What is a physical change?

A

• Physical change: A change in form or state but not
substance; has the same propertiess
◦ Usually reversible; can be irreversible
◦ Energy change may occur

37
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

• Chemical change: When a substance changes into
one or more different substances with different
properties than the original substance
◦ Usually irreversible; can be reversible
◦ Energy change may occur (I.e., heat, or light)

38
Q

What is an example of a reversible chemical change?

A

• Chemical reactions that occur in rechargeable

batteries when charged

39
Q

What are some possible changes that can be seen in a chemical change?

A

• Possible chemical changes: Change in colour, forming

gas bubbles, forming solid chunks etc.

40
Q

What is the Kinetic molecular theory?

A

• KMT: Suggests that all matter is made up of moving
particles and explains the behaviour and changes in
states of matter that we can observe

41
Q

What are the Kinetic molecular theory principles?

A

All matter is made up of tiny particles

• Different substances have different particles
• The particles are in constant motion
• The more energy the particles have, the faster they
move
• The attraction between particles decreases with an
increase in distance

42
Q

What does KMT state about solids?

A

• Solids:
◦ Particles are very close together
◦ Particles can only vibrate
◦ Particles are highly attracted to each other

43
Q

What does KMT state about liquids?

A

• Liquids:
◦ Particles are close together
◦ Particles vibrate, and also slide past, bump into each
other and the container
◦ Particles are still attracted to each other but less than
solid

44
Q

What does KMT state about gasses?

A

• Gas:
◦ Particles are very fast apart
◦ Particles vibrate, rotate, move past each other and
bump into each other in a very rapid straight line
◦ motion
◦ Particles are not attracted to each other at all

45
Q

Why do sidewalks, bridges, and railway lines have gaps built into them?

A

• To allow space for expansion so that it doesn’t crack or

buckle

Grade 9 (5 decks)

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