Chapter 5 Flashcards by Karen Dhaliwal

What is matter?

• Matter: anything that has mass and volume

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What is mass?

• Mass: the amount of matter in an object

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What is volume?

• Volume: the amount of space an object fills

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What are the two classifications of matter?

• Classifications of matter: pure substances and mixtures

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Are sound, light or heat matter?

• Sound, light, heat: forms of energy

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What is a pure substance?

• Pure substance: matter that contains one type of
particle
◦ Two types: elements, compounds

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What is an element?

• Element: pure substance w/ one kind of particle

◦ Cannot be changed into anything simpler

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What is an compound?

• Compound: pure substance w/ 2 or more elements
◦ Elements in definite proportions; cannot be
separated by physical means
◦ Elements chemically joined

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What is a mixture?

• Mixture: matter that contains two / more pure
substances
◦ Two types: Heterogenous mixture, homogenous
mixture
◦ Formed when two / more pure substances put
together
• Particles not chemically joined
◦ Can be separated

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What is a heterogeneous mixture?

• Heterogenous mixture: mixture that are not uniform
◦ Particles exist in visible clumps; can be visually
distinguished

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What is a homogeneous mixture?

• Homogeneous mixture: mixture that are uniform
◦ Particles evenly and microscopically mixed
together; they are indistinguishable

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What are the two types of properties?

• Properties of matter: physical, chemical

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What is a physical property?

• Physical property: properties of matter that can be
observed with senses, measured, calculated
◦ Many physical properties: detected thru microscope,
x-rays, MRI machines
• Physical properties such as density / solubility are
measured / calculated

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What are three states of matter?

• States of matter: solid, liquid, gas

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What is a solid?

• Solid: matter that can be picked up; can be carried w/o

being in special container

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What is a liquid?

• Liquid: matter that take the shape of the container
they are in; require container to be moved / stored
◦ Flow to lowest level; can be poured

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What is a gas?

• Gas: matter that takes both volume and shape of
container they are in; require container to be
moved / stored
◦ If not in container, will spread indefinitely

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What is a melting point?

• Melting point: temperature which substance changes

from solid to gas

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What is a boiling point?

• Boiling point: temperature which substance changes

from liquid to gas

What is malleability?

• Malleability: ability for substance to physically

changed in shape

What is ductility?

• Ductility: ability for substance to be drawn into

wires; ductile substances stretch & not break

what is solubility?

• Solubility: degree which substance will dissolve in

given amount of another substance

What is conductivity?

• Conductivity: ability of material to conduct electricity /
heat

What is density?

• Density: mass per unit of volume

What is a chemical properties?

``` • Chemical property: describes behaviour of substance as it changes into new substance • Chemical properties include: ◦ Whether one substance will react w/ another substance ◦ Amount of heat produced by reaction ◦ Rate of reaction of substances ◦ In what proportion substances react ```

What are the common chemical properties used to identify substances?

• Common chemical properties: flammability, corrosion, | reactions w/ acid

What is flammability?

• Flammability: ability of substances to react rapidly | w/ oxygen, causing a lot of energy to be released

How can flammability be used?

• Uses of flammability: supply energy to move our cars, | supply heat for homes

What are some non-flammable substances?

• Non-flammable substances: water and carbon dioxide; | cool and smother fires

What is corrosion?

• Corrosion: slow reaction of metals w/ chemicals to form metal oxides ◦ Process called oxidation

What is acid?

• Acid: highly reactive liquid

What materials react with acid?

• Materials that react w/ acid: Zinc, magnesium, | limestone

How are limestone caves created?

• Limestone cave: Created when weakly acidic | groundwater changes limestone to carbon dioxide

What are the two kinds of change?

• Two kinds of change: Physical & chemical change

Where is change and how often does it happen?

• Change: Happens everywhere; all the time.

What is a physical change?

• Physical change: A change in form or state but not substance; has the same propertiess ◦ Usually reversible; can be irreversible ◦ Energy change may occur

What is a chemical change?

• Chemical change: When a substance changes into one or more different substances with different properties than the original substance ◦ Usually irreversible; can be reversible ◦ Energy change may occur (I.e., heat, or light)

What is an example of a reversible chemical change?

• Chemical reactions that occur in rechargeable | batteries when charged

What are some possible changes that can be seen in a chemical change?

• Possible chemical changes: Change in colour, forming | gas bubbles, forming solid chunks etc.

What is the Kinetic molecular theory?

• KMT: Suggests that all matter is made up of moving particles and explains the behaviour and changes in states of matter that we can observe

What are the Kinetic molecular theory principles?

All matter is made up of tiny particles • Different substances have different particles • The particles are in constant motion • The more energy the particles have, the faster they move • The attraction between particles decreases with an increase in distance

What does KMT state about solids?

• Solids: ◦ Particles are very close together ◦ Particles can only vibrate ◦ Particles are highly attracted to each other

What does KMT state about liquids?

• Liquids: ◦ Particles are close together ◦ Particles vibrate, and also slide past, bump into each other and the container ◦ Particles are still attracted to each other but less than solid

What does KMT state about gasses?

• Gas: ◦ Particles are very fast apart ◦ Particles vibrate, rotate, move past each other and bump into each other in a very rapid straight line ◦ motion ◦ Particles are not attracted to each other at all

Why do sidewalks, bridges, and railway lines have gaps built into them?

• To allow space for expansion so that it doesn't crack or | buckle