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Geropsychology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Trait models of personality

A

• Personality trait
• Extraversion-introversion
• Eyseneck: extraversion, introversion, Psychoticism, Neuroticism
E,P,N alter with age
• Big Five (conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, extraversion, neuroticism
• C,A icrease with age, O declines
• E not predictor of subjective well being
• Executive function: ability to plan and control mental processes

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2
Q

Psychoanalytic and type models of personality

A
  • Psychoanalysis
  • id, ego, superego
  • ego integration: Eriksson: acceptance that earlier goals have been resolved, no loose ends
  • Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study (RALS)
  • Authentic Road, Triumphant trail, Straight and narrow way, Meandering way, Downward slope
  • Ego differentiation vs. work-role preoccupation retirement
  • Body transcendence vs body preoccupation overcome physical discomfort
  • Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupationI will die
  • Late adult transition early to mid-sixties
  • View from the bridge ppl must come to terms with their past
  • Personality types groups, not spectrum like personality traits
  • Constructiveness, dependent/rocking chair, defensiveness/armoured approach , hostility, self-hatred
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3
Q

• Integrated personality:

A

: reorganisers, focused, disengaged

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4
Q

• Armoured-defensive personality

A

holding on, constricted

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5
Q

• Passive-dependent personality

A

succourant seeking, apathetic

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6
Q

• Type A personality

A

hard-edged, competitive

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7
Q

• Type B personality

A

easy-going, carefree (B free)

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8
Q

Dependency

A
  • Healthy, dysfunctional, over-dependency (Baltes)
  • Dependency ratio: ratio of older ppl to adults of working age within population
  • Correlation between suicide rate and dependency ratio
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9
Q

Attitudes to Ageing

A
  • Self-esteem declines
  • Explicit attitudes: time to prepare answer
  • Fraboni Scale of Ageism
  • Knowledge changes but not attitude towards ageing
  • Implicit attitudes
  • Nurses, ppl who work with old ppl: implicit: bad attitude, explicit: good attitude
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10
Q

Cross-cultural differences

A
  • Dispositional optimism: tendency to expect positive rather than negative outcomes
  • Quality of life (QOL)
  • Double jeopardy: ppl in ethnic minority will be treated prejudicially because of age and because of ethnicity
  • Triple jeopardy: also can’t get help they need
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11
Q

Retirement

A
  • Important if someone retires deliberately or is forced
  • Role theory: ppl play different roles throughout life, including hat of retired person, this role is less prestigious than otherspsychologically damaging
  • Continuity theory of retirement: retirement as continuation of same sense of identity as before, thus not as stressful
  • Health problems because of age, not retirement per se
  • No link between mortality and age of retirement
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12
Q

Bereavement

A

• Strong societal and cultural influence

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13
Q

Well-being

A
  • Monetary worries big factor of bad well-being
  • Two-factor theory of well-being
  • Friendships important
  • Women less satisfied
  • General factors: health, finances, bereavement, environment and retirement (and more)
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14
Q

Psychosocial factors and health

A
  • Ppl rarely take up bad habits in later life
  • No exercise
  • Social network good
  • Education predictor for mobility disability
  • Hostility: negative orientation towards others high levels in young and old adults (not middle)
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15
Q

Marriage

A

• Subject well being of wife predicts subject well being of husband but not vice versa

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16
Q

Sexuality and ageing

A
  • Men bigger sex drive
  • Might be good to have less sexual interest to prepare
  • Higher risk for STDs like AIDS
17
Q

Disengagement and activity theories

A
  • Disengagement theory: as ppl get older, their contact with the world lessens, preparation for death
  • Activity theory: old ppl should get bigger social involvement, only beneficial
18
Q

The role of the family

A
  • No higher depression if child moved away
  • Golden age myth: in past, extended family was norm, all living togethernot true
  • No cultural differences
  • Influence of grandchildren n life satisfaction relatively minorhealth (and education for women)
19
Q

• Double ABCX model

A

: analysis of family intervention, A: event causing crisis, B: familial resource for coping, C: familial perception of the crisis, X: perceived stress
• Event-stressor-appraisals-mediator-outcome

20
Q

Religion and ageing

A
  • Strength of faith negatively correlated with depression

* Regular church attendance lower mortality

21
Q

Summary

A
  • No personality type unique to later life
  • Personality traits do not follow predictable patterns
  • Some personality types better for coping
  • Criticism of personality testing
  • Much is relative
  • Paradox of well-being: many older adults have string sense of well-being in spite of material or emotional problems

Geropsychology (19 decks)

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