Article 10: Association between depression and resilience in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis Flashcards
Introduction
• resilience comprises three groups of attribute pairs: competence and adversity, resources and risks, and protection processes and vulnerability.
• In older persons, resilience has been defined as the ability to achieve, maintain, and recover physical or emotional health after diseases and losses
• The most common neuropsychiatric disorders are dementia and depression
• General depression prevalence of 10%
Methods
• Meta-analysis
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Results
• All seven studies were cross-sectional. All of the articles found a negative association between resilience and depression
• Vahia et al. (2010) investigated 1979 women and found those not depressed had higher levels of resilience than those depressed.
• Fossion et al. (2013) evaluated older persons who suffered or did not suffer a trauma in the Second World War and found depressive disorders were mediated by resilience,
• and Resnick et al. (2015) evaluated 116 older adults from a continuing care retirement community and found resilience was indirectly associated with successful aging through depression.
• Therefore, although these three studies were conducted in different groups, their results were comparable with those of the community-dwelling participants, allowing them to be analyzed in the present metaanalysis.
Discussion
• resilience was found to be moderately associated with fewer depressive symptoms in older adults.
• all found an inverse relationship between depression and resilience, albeit based on cross-sectional studies
• bereavement, sleep disturbances, disability, history of depression, and female gender appeared to be important risk factors for depression among older individuals from the community. –> but methodological limitations
• over-reliance on cross sectional studies
• self-esteem, interpersonal control, and personal competencies are indicators of resilience,
• Concepts frequently associated with resilience in aging include successful aging, psychological wellbeing, social support, life satisfaction, religiosity, and spirituality
• highlight the lack of scientific studies specifically designed for this age group and to enhance the interest and stimulate future research in this area, because this is the age group with a higher growth rate
• resilience and depression had significant associations with self-rated successful aging, with effects comparable in size with that of physical health
• current findings point to a link between resilience and depressive symptoms in older individuals, with potential clinical implications that warrant further investigation.
• .We understand resilience as one of the factors that could impact mental health
• Some authors have found that resilience enhancement interventions could promote mental health, including lower levels of depressive symptoms
• one could question whether low resilience could cause depression or whether chronic stress could result in low resilience, causing depression
• We could consider resilience as a static characteristic (not influenced by experiences or by the environment) or as a dynamic characteristic.
• Literature points to a dynamic character of resilience, which gives support to its protective role in depression
Conclusions
• association between greater resilience and less depressive symptomatology, characterizing resilience as a protective factor for depression in older adults and underscoring the importance of investigating interventions to promote resilience in older adults as a means of preventing the emergence of depressive symptoms in this population
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