Chapter 5 Flashcards
_____ million people are killed annually incur crashes around the world.
1.3
_________ is the branch of mechanics that deal with the motion ob objects without reference to the forces that cause the motion.
Kinematics
The _______ phase includes all of the evens that preceded the incident.
pre-event
The _____ phase begins at the time of impact between one moving object and a second object.
event
The _______ event phase begins as soon as the energy from the crash is absorbed.
post-event
Netwon’s _________ law of motion states that a body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in noting unless acted on by an outside force.
1st
Newton’s _____ law of motion states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be changed in form.
2nd
Newton’s ______ law of motion that’s that for every action or force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
3rd
_______ is a function of an object’s mass and velocity.
Kinetic Energy
______ is required to put a structure into motion.
Force
If the force is spread out over a larger area and the skin is not penetrated, then it fits the description of ________ trauma.
blunt
A ________ is caused by the stretching of the tissues that occurs at the time of impact.
temporary cavity
A _________ is left after the temporary cavity collapses and is the visible part of the tissue destruction.
permanent cavity
The amount of the temporary cavity that remains as a permanent cavity is related to the _______ of the tissue involved.
elasticity
In blunt trauma, two forces are involved in the impact - _______ and __________.
shear compression
_______ is the result of one organ or structure changing speed faster than another organ or structure.
Shear
__________ is the result of an organ or structure being directly squeezed between other organs or structures.
Compression
MVC’s cane divided into the following types: (5)
Frontal Rear Lateral Rollover Rotational
_____% of occupants who were totally ejected from a vehicle were killed.
77
1 in 13 ejection victims sustained a _________.
spine fracture
“_________” pelvic fractures are a common result of the interaction between the rider’s pelvis and the handlebars.
Open-book
Failure house helmets has been shown to increase head injuries by more than _____%.
300
If the _______ of the ribs is exceeded, fractures ribs and a flail chest can develop.
tensile strength
Another type of injury that often occurs during deceleration is laceration of the liver caused by its impact with the ____________.
ligamentum teres
Approximately 10% of patients with _______ fractures also have genitourinary injury.
pelvic
______ describes an object’s initial size and whether that size changes at the time of impact.
Profile
_______ describes whether the object turns over and over and assumes a different angle inside the body than the angle it assumed as it entered the body
Tumble
_____ describes whether the object breaks up to produce multiple parts or rubble, and therefore, more drag and more energy exchange.
Fragmentation
The size of the frontal surface area of a projectile is influenced by three factors:
profile
tumble
fragmentation
_____ energy weapons include hand-driven weapons such as a knife or an ice pick.
Low
______ energy weapons include handguns and some rifles whose muzzle velocity is 1000 ft/sec.
medium
The temporary cavity created by a medium energy weapon is ____ times the caliber of the bullet.
3 - 5
____ energy weapons have a muzzle velocity in excess of 2000 ft/sec.
high
High energy weapons create a temporary cavity ____ times or greater the caliber of the bullet.
25
The exit wound is usually a _______ wound.
stellate
Only ___% of knife wounds penetrating the abdominal cavity require surgical exploration to repair damage.
30
A medium energy injury is more damaging; ____ require surgical repair.
85 - 95%
Handguns and rifles predominately use ____ on the inside of the barrel to spin a single missile in a flight patters toward the target.
rifling
Devices known as ______ or _____ can be attached to the end of a shotgun barrel to shape and form the column of missiles into specific patterns.
chokes
diverters
The average shotgun shell is loaded with _____ ounces of shot.
1 - 1.5
An average birdshot shell may contain ____ pellets.
200 - 2000
A buckshot shell may contain only ______ pellets.
6 - 20
_____ can travel at greater than 16,4000 ft/second.
Blast waves
The most common form of primary blast injury is ________.
tympanic membrane rupture
Tympanic membrane rupture may occur at pressures as low as ______.
5 PSI
