Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

6 functions of skeleton

A
  • support
  • movement
  • protection
  • storage of minerals
  • storage of fat
  • blood cell production
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2
Q

how many bones in the human body

A

206

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3
Q

Most bones contain both _______ and ______ bone

A

compact; spongy

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4
Q

compact bone

A
  • dense
  • covered by periosteum
  • yellow marrow
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5
Q

spongy bone

A
  • lattice like structure

- red marrow

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6
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cell

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7
Q

Bones solid matrix makes it both ____ and ______.

A

hard and resilient

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8
Q

The hardness of the matrix comes from ______ ___.

A

mineral salts (calcium and phosphorus)

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9
Q

The resilience comes from strands of strong _____ ____.

A

elastic protein (collagen)

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10
Q

osteoblasts

A
  • bone forming cells

- create matrix by secreting proteins and then depositing calcium salts on it

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11
Q

Through development ________ is gradually replaced by ____.

A

cartilage; bone

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12
Q

fibroblasts

A

secrete collagen fibers that form a callus

connective tissue cells that grow inward from the periosteum

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13
Q

Bone remodeling

A

renews bone, regulates mineral levels

keeps bone strong by repairing tiny cracks

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14
Q

osteoclasts

A

breaks down bone releasing calcium and other minerals that are reabsorbed by the body

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15
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts

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16
Q

calcitonin

A

stimulates osteoblasts

17
Q

osteoporosis

A

disease with progress loss in bone density

bone remodeling problem

18
Q

estrogen

A

aids in remodeling process

19
Q

vitamin D

A

needed for calcium absorption

20
Q

bone repair

A
  • bleeding (clotting)
  • fibroblasts
  • secretion of cartilage
  • cartilage -> bone
21
Q

skeleton can be divided into two parts:

A

axial and appendicular

22
Q

face

A

14 bones

23
Q

rib

A

12 pairs

24
Q

vertebral column

A

26 bones