Chapter 5 Flashcards
6 functions of skeleton
- support
- movement
- protection
- storage of minerals
- storage of fat
- blood cell production
how many bones in the human body
206
Most bones contain both _______ and ______ bone
compact; spongy
compact bone
- dense
- covered by periosteum
- yellow marrow
spongy bone
- lattice like structure
- red marrow
osteocytes
bone cell
Bones solid matrix makes it both ____ and ______.
hard and resilient
The hardness of the matrix comes from ______ ___.
mineral salts (calcium and phosphorus)
The resilience comes from strands of strong _____ ____.
elastic protein (collagen)
osteoblasts
- bone forming cells
- create matrix by secreting proteins and then depositing calcium salts on it
Through development ________ is gradually replaced by ____.
cartilage; bone
fibroblasts
secrete collagen fibers that form a callus
connective tissue cells that grow inward from the periosteum
Bone remodeling
renews bone, regulates mineral levels
keeps bone strong by repairing tiny cracks
osteoclasts
breaks down bone releasing calcium and other minerals that are reabsorbed by the body
PTH
parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts
calcitonin
stimulates osteoblasts
osteoporosis
disease with progress loss in bone density
bone remodeling problem
estrogen
aids in remodeling process
vitamin D
needed for calcium absorption
bone repair
- bleeding (clotting)
- fibroblasts
- secretion of cartilage
- cartilage -> bone
skeleton can be divided into two parts:
axial and appendicular
face
14 bones
rib
12 pairs
vertebral column
26 bones
