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Biology 100 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells of a similar type that work together to serve a common function

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2
Q

4 types of tissue

A
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscle
  • nervous
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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and organs, and forms glands

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4
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • Serves as a storage site for fat
  • plays an important role in immunity
  • provides the body with protection and support
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5
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Body movement and movement of substances through the body

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6
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Conducts nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

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7
Q

Epithelial Tissue share two characteristics:

A

Free surface and basement membrane

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8
Q

Free surface may be specialized for:

A

Protection, secretion, or absorption

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9
Q

Basement membrane

A

Non cellular layer that binds the epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue and helps the epithelial Tissue resist stretching

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10
Q

3 shapes of epithelial cells

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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11
Q

Squamous epithelium

A

Flattened or scale like. Form linings in blood vessels and lungs

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12
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

Cube shaped; found in many glands and the lining of kidney tubules

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13
Q

Columnar epithelium

A

Elongated column shaped; found in the small intestine

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14
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Often protective due to its multiple layers

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15
Q

Gland

A

Epithelial Tissue that secretes a product

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16
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete their product into ducts leading to body surfaces, cavities, or organs

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17
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Lack ducts; secrete hormones into spaces just outside the cells

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18
Q

__________ ______ is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body

A

Connective Tissue

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19
Q

All connective tissues contain…

A

Cells embedded in an extra cellular matrix

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20
Q

Extra-cellular matrix

A

Consists of protein fibers and a noncellular material called ground substance

21
Q

Ground substance

A

May be solid (bone) fluid (blood) or gelatinous (cartilage)

22
Q

Connective Tissue is made up mostly of its ______

A

Matrix

23
Q

Three types of protein fibers in connective tissue matrix

A
  • collagen fiber
  • elastic fiber
  • reticular fiber
24
Q

Collagen, elastic, reticular fibers produced by

A

fibroblasts

25
Q

Two categories of connective tissue

A

proper and specialized

26
Q

connective tissue proper

A

areolar
adipose
dense

27
Q

specialized connective tissue

A

cartilage
bone
blood

28
Q

areolar

A
  • widely distributed under skin, around organs, and muscles

- structure and cushions

29
Q

adipose

A
  • fat under skin and around organs

- energy storage, insulation, cushions organs

30
Q

dense

A
  • tendons (bone to muscle)
  • ligaments (bone to bone)
  • structural support
31
Q

cartilage

A
  • provides flexible support and cushions
  • ears, nose
  • joint cartilage lines bones
  • disks b/w vertebrae (absorbs shock)
32
Q

bone

A
  • structure, protection, movement
  • storage of lipids (yellow marrow)
  • calcium, phosphorus, and production of red blood cells (red marrow)
33
Q

blood

A
  • transport oxygen, CO2, nutrients
  • liquid matrix, plasma
  • cells and cell fragments, platelets
  • fibers, soluble proteins
34
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

35
Q

skeletal

A
  • voluntary contraction

- contractile protein, actin and myosin

36
Q

cardiac

A
  • involuntary contraction

- wall heart

37
Q

smooth

A
  • involuntary contraction

- walls of digestive system, blood vessels, and tubules of urinary tract

38
Q

nervous tissue

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

39
Q

2 cell types of nervous tissue

A
  • neurons

- neuroglia (glial cells)

40
Q

neuron

A

generate and conduct nerve impulses

41
Q

neuroglia

A

provides nutrients, support, insulate, and protect neurons

42
Q

organ

A

structure composed of two or more different tissues that work together to perform a function

43
Q

integumentary system

A

-protection, limits water loss, temperature regulation, excretion of wastes, sensory detection of external stimuli

44
Q

skin layers

A
  • epidermis: composed of layers of epithelial cells, constantly shed and replaced, keratinized (outermost dead)
  • dermis: dense connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves
45
Q

skin color

A
  • pigment (melanin)
  • color and size of granules
  • blood flow
46
Q

accessory structures

A
  • hair and nails (modified skin cells)
  • glands (oil, wax, sweat)
  • insulation, protection, sensory
47
Q

homeostasis

A

maintenance of relatively stable internal environment despite external conditions
-organ systems interact to provide controlled environments for cellular functions

48
Q

negative feedback mechanism

A

corrective measures that slow or reverse a variation from the normal value of a factor. (maintain homeostasis)
-sensor -> control center -> effector

Biology 100 (11 decks)

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