Chapter 4 Flashcards
Tissue
Group of cells of a similar type that work together to serve a common function
4 types of tissue
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and organs, and forms glands
Connective Tissue
- Serves as a storage site for fat
- plays an important role in immunity
- provides the body with protection and support
Muscle Tissue
Body movement and movement of substances through the body
Nervous Tissue
Conducts nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
Epithelial Tissue share two characteristics:
Free surface and basement membrane
Free surface may be specialized for:
Protection, secretion, or absorption
Basement membrane
Non cellular layer that binds the epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue and helps the epithelial Tissue resist stretching
3 shapes of epithelial cells
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous epithelium
Flattened or scale like. Form linings in blood vessels and lungs
Cuboidal epithelium
Cube shaped; found in many glands and the lining of kidney tubules
Columnar epithelium
Elongated column shaped; found in the small intestine
Stratified epithelium
Often protective due to its multiple layers
Gland
Epithelial Tissue that secretes a product
Exocrine glands
Secrete their product into ducts leading to body surfaces, cavities, or organs
Endocrine glands
Lack ducts; secrete hormones into spaces just outside the cells
__________ ______ is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body
Connective Tissue
All connective tissues contain…
Cells embedded in an extra cellular matrix
Extra-cellular matrix
Consists of protein fibers and a noncellular material called ground substance
Ground substance
May be solid (bone) fluid (blood) or gelatinous (cartilage)
Connective Tissue is made up mostly of its ______
Matrix
Three types of protein fibers in connective tissue matrix
- collagen fiber
- elastic fiber
- reticular fiber
Collagen, elastic, reticular fibers produced by
fibroblasts
Two categories of connective tissue
proper and specialized
connective tissue proper
areolar
adipose
dense
specialized connective tissue
cartilage
bone
blood
areolar
- widely distributed under skin, around organs, and muscles
- structure and cushions
adipose
- fat under skin and around organs
- energy storage, insulation, cushions organs
dense
- tendons (bone to muscle)
- ligaments (bone to bone)
- structural support
cartilage
- provides flexible support and cushions
- ears, nose
- joint cartilage lines bones
- disks b/w vertebrae (absorbs shock)
bone
- structure, protection, movement
- storage of lipids (yellow marrow)
- calcium, phosphorus, and production of red blood cells (red marrow)
blood
- transport oxygen, CO2, nutrients
- liquid matrix, plasma
- cells and cell fragments, platelets
- fibers, soluble proteins
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
skeletal
- voluntary contraction
- contractile protein, actin and myosin
cardiac
- involuntary contraction
- wall heart
smooth
- involuntary contraction
- walls of digestive system, blood vessels, and tubules of urinary tract
nervous tissue
brain, spinal cord, nerves
2 cell types of nervous tissue
- neurons
- neuroglia (glial cells)
neuron
generate and conduct nerve impulses
neuroglia
provides nutrients, support, insulate, and protect neurons
organ
structure composed of two or more different tissues that work together to perform a function
integumentary system
-protection, limits water loss, temperature regulation, excretion of wastes, sensory detection of external stimuli
skin layers
- epidermis: composed of layers of epithelial cells, constantly shed and replaced, keratinized (outermost dead)
- dermis: dense connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves
skin color
- pigment (melanin)
- color and size of granules
- blood flow
accessory structures
- hair and nails (modified skin cells)
- glands (oil, wax, sweat)
- insulation, protection, sensory
homeostasis
maintenance of relatively stable internal environment despite external conditions
-organ systems interact to provide controlled environments for cellular functions
negative feedback mechanism
corrective measures that slow or reverse a variation from the normal value of a factor. (maintain homeostasis)
-sensor -> control center -> effector
