Chapter 19 Part 1

Question 1

What are two types of cell division?

Answer 1

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

Single cell after fertilization

Question 3

Nuclear division occurring in somatic cell in which two identical daughter cells are generated

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

Nuclear division that results in gametes

Answer 4

Meiosis

Question 5

Roles of mitosis

Answer 5

Growth and repair

Question 6

Tightly coiled combination of a DNA molecule and specialized proteins called histones

Answer 6

Chromosome

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

Specific segment of DNA that directs the synthesis of a protein.

Question 8

Somatic cells

Answer 8

All cells except egg or sperm

Question 9

____ chromosomes in ____ pairs

Answer 9

46, 23

Question 10

Homologous chromosome pair

Answer 10

2 chromosome (one from mother, one from father) with genes for the same traits

Question 11

Sex chromosome

Answer 11

XX- female

XY- male

Question 12

Autosome

Answer 12

All but the sex chromosomes.

Determine the expression of most of a person’s inherited characteristics

Question 13

Two major phases of the cell cycle

Answer 13

Interphase and cell division

Question 14

Accounts for most of the time that elapses during a cell cycle

Answer 14

Interphase

Question 15

3 parts of interphase

Answer 15

G1
S
G2

Question 16

G1

Answer 16

A time of major growth

Question 17

S

Answer 17

DNA synthesis and growth

Question 18

G2

Answer 18

Growth
Final preparations for cell division
Chromosomes consist of two chromatids

Question 19

Centromere

Answer 19

The region of a replicated chromosome at which sister chromatids are held together

Question 20

Sister chromatids

Answer 20

The two attached genetically identical chromatids

Question 21

Stages of mitosis

Answer 21

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 22

When DNA is in a ___________ state it cannot be replicated and _____ activity is shut down

Answer 22

Condensed; gene

Question 23

What changes occur during prophase

Answer 23

• chromosomes condense
• nuclear membrane begins to break down
• motoring spindle forms
• centrioles move away from each other

Question 24

Metaphase

Answer 24

The chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindles forming a line at the center

Question 25

Anaphase

Answer 25

• sister chromatids separate

The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes towards opposite poles of the cell

Question 26

Telophase

Answer 26

Nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes at each pole. Mitotic spindles disassembles

Question 27

Cytokinesis

Answer 27

Division of the cytoplasm divides cell into two daughter cells