CHAPTER 5-7 Flashcards
infectious
from one person to another eg polio
parasitic
these diseases occur when parasites enter the body eg worms skin mites
list of dieases in australias health status
cancer infections parasitic cardiovascular Respiratory injury
infections and parasitic diseases
high contribution to mortality in 1900s, link to public health. children high infant mortality.
cancer
stomach cancer largest cause of death 1920s
cardiovascular disease
major cause of death in 1900-now peak in 1960s
respiratory diseases
pneumonia and flu 1907. COPD 2000, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
injury and poisoning
motor vechile highest 1970
male death rates from injury and poisoning were influenced by war and work related deaths
public health
refers to the ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health status sand prevent disease.
old public health
policies and practices introduced to anyone the physical environment to stop the spread of disease and improve mortality rates and life expectancy.
old public health was introduced because….
living conditions were poor
limited access to clean water snd sanitation
overcrowded and poor housing
poor food quality
what did old public health do
establishment. of gov funded water and sewage systems.
1900 plague
elimination of housing slums and introduction of better housing
improved food and nutrition, public health campaign
improved working conditions
establishment of public health campaigns
types of health models
public health - old public heath
biomedical model of health
social model of health
ottawa charter
biomedical model of health
focuses on individual, the condition and care
centred around doctors, health professionals and hospitals
e.g surgery medication xrays
ads and dis of biomedical model of health
ad
- creates advances in technology and research
- enables many common problems to be effectively measured
- extend life expectancy
- improves quality of life
dis
- relies on health professionals and technology
- doesnt always promote good health and wellbeing
- not every condition can be under it
- affordability
social model of health
started 1970s
didn’t always bring about behavioural change.
it takes in account the role that ses status, access to healthcare and social connectedness play in improving health status
it addresses the broader determinants of health like gender
acts to reduce social inequities
empowers individuals and communities
ads and dis social model of health
ad
- promotes good health and wellbeing and assists preventing diseases
- inexpensive
- focuses on vulnerable population in groups
- education can be paused from generation to generation - sustainable idea
dis
- not all indivduals can be presented
- doesnt promote the development of technology and medical knowledge
- doesnt address health and wellbeing conerns of individuals
ottawa charter
Advocate
Enable
mediate
advocate
refers to actions that seek to gain support from the government to make the changes necessary to inspire factors that influence health e.g media campaigns, public speaking, lobbing governments
enable
focusing on equity and reducing the difference in health status between population groups e.g access to education, employment
mediate
helping groups avoid conflict to produce outcomes that enhance health and wellbeing. e.g reducing speed limits
ACTION areas in ottawa charter
BUILD CREATE STRENGTHEN DEVELOP REORIENT
build
build health public policy
- laws
create
create supportive environments
- to make better health choices
strengthen
strengthen community actions
- groups working together
develop
develop personal skills
- education
reorient
reorient health services
- medical staff assisting in prevention
medicare
is australias universal health insurance scheme. Medicare will pay all or some of the fees relating to many health care services. e’g xrays, consults
australias health systems
public and private sector
public sector
public hospitals
medicare
PBS
NDIS
Private sector
private health insurance
private hospitals
medical practitioners in private practice
services covered by medicare
xrays eye tests pathology e'g blood and urine tests dental services for children general practitioners
ads and dis of medicare
ad - choice of doctor for out of hospital services - available to all australuan citizens - covers tests and examinations dis - no choice of doctor in hospital - wait lists for many treatments - doesn't cover alternative therapies
PBS
Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
works to promote health and wellbeing in australia. looks after the drug side
NDIS
national disability insurance scheme
is a national insurance scheme that provides services and support for people with permanent or significant disabilities and their families and carers. you have to be under 65
first step in NDIS
first step is to make a individualised plan
including
- access mainstream services and supports
- access community services and supports
- maintain informal support arrangements
- receive reasonable and necessary funded supports
private health insurance
is a type of insurance under which members pay a premium in return for payment towards health related costs not covered by medicare.
basic - gold in private health insurance
1 basic 2 bronze 3 silber 4 gold Rehabilitation - 1234 brain and nervous system 234 heart and vascular system 34 reproductive services 4
things to consider
funding
sustainability
access
equity
funding
of the health system relates to the fundamental reasons that are provided to help the health system adequately staffed and resourced so a high level of care is available for those in need.
examples of things that use funding
medicare
pbs
ndis
private health insurance
medicare in relation to funding
funds portion of all of the fees associated with health services, including doctor
ads and dis private health insurance
ad
-enables access to private hospital care
- choice of doctor while in public or private hospital
- shorter waiting times
dis
- costly in terms of the premiums
- qualifying periods apply for some conditions e’g pregnancy
- policies can be complex to understand and create confusion
PBS in relation to funding
essential medicines are funded through the pbs, providing treatment for many conditions, promoting health outcomes
NDIS in relation to funding
for a range of resources that promote health status including carers who can provide support with daily living and staying socially connected. And technology e’g wheelchairs
private health insurance in relation to funding
for private hospitals
sustainability
of the australian health system relates to its capacity to provide a workforce and infrastructure such as facilities and equipment into the future, and to be innovative to emerging needs through interactions such as research and monitoring
sustainable health system
- research and monitoring
- ensuring an effective health workforce and system
- ensuring adequate funding and regulation of the health system
medicare in relation to sustainability
determining which services will be covered for all the necessary reasons
PBS in relation to sustainability
continually reviewing the medicines available through PBS increasing the amount adding benefits.
NDIS in relation to sustainability
making sure the participants get the necessary funds for each person
private health insurance in relation to sustainability
, reducing the strain on public syste
access
an accessible health system is one that can provide and people with access to quality health services. Helping there needs even without ability to pay or regardless where they live
medicare in relation to access
provides access to all citizens
PBS in relation to access
all australian citizens and permanent residents
NDIS in relation to access
access to health care for those with significant or life long disabilities
private health insurance
trying to increase access for those with lower incomes
equity
all Australians should be able to access healthcare
medicare in relation to equity
require frequent services covered by medicare
pbs in relation to equity
protects individuals and families from large overall expenses for pBS
ndis in relation to equity
more significant needs receive more assistance
private health insurance in relation to equity
those with lower incomes receive more financial assistance through PHS rebate.
road safety
relates to invention put in place to reduce the risk of crashes, death and injury caused to individuals as a result of using roads
facts on road safety
every day an average 3 killed roads. 90 serious injury
27 billion per year on road crashes
promoting road safety in australia
government laws and policies the campaign road safety education victoria driver revive program black spot program PARTY program victorian road safety strategy
government law and policies
road rules reflect healthy public policies and the development of rules and law enforcement have been a mayor contributor to the success behind in reducing the road toll.
intro of random breath tests in 1970
1989 the 10 point system was invented
blood alcohol level
TAC campaigns
working with victorian police and vic roads, the TAC addresses road safety by
- providing resources to target spending and drink driving
- creating high profile hard hitting mass media campaign
- conducting road safety research
e. g “if you drink, then drive, you’re a bloody idiot”
road safety
is a program of educational activities about road safety that works to develop the personal skills of children and young people.
road safety education strengthens community action because all members of the school and general community are encouraged to share the responsibilities for the safety of young people when they are travelling.
road safety education website creates a supportive environment by helping victorian teachers, early childhood professionals, students, parents and community and covers better individual evidence.
driver reviver program
was established to create a supportive environment for drivers on long journeys
the program strengthens communities action by involving for a range of organisation such as energy services volunteers.
the driver reviver program also develops personal skills by offering motoring tops on their website.
black spot program
is a part of the commuter to reduce crashes. By funding measures such as traffic signals and roundabouts at dangerous locations, the program creates a supportive physical environment.
PARTY program
the prevent alcohol and risk related trauma in youth program is a trauma prevention and health promotion initiative that seeks to develop the personal skills of young people by providing a real experience of a major trauma service.
vic road safety 2021-2030
is a healthy public policy developed by road safety victoria in collaboration with vic roads safety partners. It strengthens community action by acknowledging road safety in complex.
road - build healthy public policy
road laws such as seatbelts, speed limits and drink driving laws - the 10 point plan
road - create supportive environment
random breath testing reduces the number of drivers on the road affected by alcohol or drugs, making it safer for all road users - road safety education vic
road - strengthen community action
the driver reviver program involves a range of organisation such as state emergency services volunteers, rural and volunteer fire services - road safety education victoria
road - develop personal skills
TAC campaigns work to provide education relating young drivers - the party program
road - reorient health services
through the TAC ambulance officers assist to present services to community group - the PARTY program
learn earn lefgend
is a program launched by the Australian Government in February 2010. The program’s message encourages and supports young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to stay at school so they can get a job and be a legend for themselves, their family and their community.
closing the gap
2008 the council of australia governments to agree to work together to achieve equity in health services and life experiences between aboriginal and torre strait islander pupils and non indigenous Australians by the year 2030.
considerations in evaluating indigenous initiatives
- actual improvements to health and wellbeing
- the number of participants taking part in initiative
- feedback provided by participants
- action areas of the ottawa charter that are evident
initiatives to promote healthy eating
- australian dietary guidelines
- australian guide to healthy eating
- the work of nutrition australia
australian dietary guidelines
created by the national health and medical research council.
used by health professionals, educating, healthy people
not for people with serious medical conditions
aimed at all people in general health population and overweight
provide info on type of food, amount of food, food groups, dietary patterns
helps to develop healthy dietary problems
reduces the risk of developing a range of diet-related issues
guideline 1 out of 3
1 to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy levels.
- children and adolescents should eat sufficient nutritious foods to grow and develop normally. They should be physically active every day
guideline 2 out of 3
2 consume a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five groups everyday - milk, youghurt cheese - fruit - vegetables - grains, wolgrain rice, pasta, noodles leans meets, fish, eggs, tofu
guideline 3 out of 3
limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salts and sugars and alcohol
australian guide to healthy eating
(pie chart) pros - promotes water consumption - includes healthy fats - shows visual examples - shows examples of foods in each of the 5 food groups
the work of nutrition australia
Act as a source of scientific info
Produce material on nutrition to professionals
Act as consultants to govt., food industry and consumers related to food and nutrition
Encourage innovation in the way we provide nutritional knowledge.
barriers of eating healthy
- willpower
- food sercurity
- attitudes and beliefs
