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HEALTH > CHAPTER 5-7 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5-7 Flashcards

1
Q

infectious

A

from one person to another eg polio

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2
Q

parasitic

A

these diseases occur when parasites enter the body eg worms skin mites

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3
Q

list of dieases in australias health status

A 
cancer 
infections 
parasitic 
cardiovascular 
Respiratory 
injury
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4
Q

infections and parasitic diseases

A

high contribution to mortality in 1900s, link to public health. children high infant mortality.

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5
Q

cancer

A

stomach cancer largest cause of death 1920s

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6
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

major cause of death in 1900-now peak in 1960s

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7
Q

respiratory diseases

A

pneumonia and flu 1907. COPD 2000, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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8
Q

injury and poisoning

A

motor vechile highest 1970

male death rates from injury and poisoning were influenced by war and work related deaths

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9
Q

public health

A

refers to the ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health status sand prevent disease.

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10
Q

old public health

A

policies and practices introduced to anyone the physical environment to stop the spread of disease and improve mortality rates and life expectancy.

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11
Q

old public health was introduced because….

A

living conditions were poor
limited access to clean water snd sanitation
overcrowded and poor housing
poor food quality

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12
Q

what did old public health do

A

establishment. of gov funded water and sewage systems.
1900 plague
elimination of housing slums and introduction of better housing
improved food and nutrition, public health campaign
improved working conditions
establishment of public health campaigns

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13
Q

types of health models

A

public health - old public heath
biomedical model of health
social model of health
ottawa charter

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14
Q

biomedical model of health

A

focuses on individual, the condition and care
centred around doctors, health professionals and hospitals
e.g surgery medication xrays

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15
Q

ads and dis of biomedical model of health

A

ad
- creates advances in technology and research
- enables many common problems to be effectively measured
- extend life expectancy
- improves quality of life
dis
- relies on health professionals and technology
- doesnt always promote good health and wellbeing
- not every condition can be under it
- affordability

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16
Q

social model of health

A

started 1970s
didn’t always bring about behavioural change.
it takes in account the role that ses status, access to healthcare and social connectedness play in improving health status

it addresses the broader determinants of health like gender
acts to reduce social inequities
empowers individuals and communities

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17
Q

ads and dis social model of health

A

ad
- promotes good health and wellbeing and assists preventing diseases
- inexpensive
- focuses on vulnerable population in groups
- education can be paused from generation to generation - sustainable idea
dis
- not all indivduals can be presented
- doesnt promote the development of technology and medical knowledge
- doesnt address health and wellbeing conerns of individuals

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18
Q

ottawa charter

A

Advocate
Enable
mediate

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19
Q

advocate

A

refers to actions that seek to gain support from the government to make the changes necessary to inspire factors that influence health e.g media campaigns, public speaking, lobbing governments

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20
Q

enable

A

focusing on equity and reducing the difference in health status between population groups e.g access to education, employment

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21
Q

mediate

A

helping groups avoid conflict to produce outcomes that enhance health and wellbeing. e.g reducing speed limits

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22
Q

ACTION areas in ottawa charter

A 
BUILD 
CREATE
STRENGTHEN
DEVELOP
REORIENT
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23
Q

build

A

build health public policy

- laws

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24
Q

create

A

create supportive environments

- to make better health choices

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25
Q

strengthen

A

strengthen community actions

- groups working together

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26
Q

develop

A

develop personal skills

- education

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27
Q

reorient

A

reorient health services

- medical staff assisting in prevention

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28
Q

medicare

A

is australias universal health insurance scheme. Medicare will pay all or some of the fees relating to many health care services. e’g xrays, consults

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29
Q

australias health systems

A

public and private sector

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30
Q

public sector

A

public hospitals
medicare
PBS
NDIS

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31
Q

Private sector

A

private health insurance
private hospitals
medical practitioners in private practice

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32
Q

services covered by medicare

A 
xrays 
eye tests
pathology e'g blood and urine tests
dental services for children 
general practitioners
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33
Q

ads and dis of medicare

A 
ad
- choice of doctor for out of hospital services
- available to all australuan citizens 
- covers tests and examinations 
dis 
- no choice of doctor in hospital 
- wait lists for many treatments
- doesn't cover alternative therapies
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34
Q

PBS

A

Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme

works to promote health and wellbeing in australia. looks after the drug side

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35
Q

NDIS

A

national disability insurance scheme
is a national insurance scheme that provides services and support for people with permanent or significant disabilities and their families and carers. you have to be under 65

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36
Q

first step in NDIS

A

first step is to make a individualised plan
including
- access mainstream services and supports
- access community services and supports
- maintain informal support arrangements
- receive reasonable and necessary funded supports

37
Q

private health insurance

A

is a type of insurance under which members pay a premium in return for payment towards health related costs not covered by medicare.

38
Q

basic - gold in private health insurance

A 
1 basic
2 bronze
3 silber 
4 gold
Rehabilitation - 1234
brain and nervous system 234
heart and vascular system 34
reproductive services 4
39
Q

things to consider

A

funding
sustainability
access
equity

40
Q

funding

A

of the health system relates to the fundamental reasons that are provided to help the health system adequately staffed and resourced so a high level of care is available for those in need.

41
Q

examples of things that use funding

A

medicare
pbs
ndis
private health insurance

42
Q

medicare in relation to funding

A

funds portion of all of the fees associated with health services, including doctor

43
Q

ads and dis private health insurance

A

ad
-enables access to private hospital care
- choice of doctor while in public or private hospital
- shorter waiting times
dis
- costly in terms of the premiums
- qualifying periods apply for some conditions e’g pregnancy
- policies can be complex to understand and create confusion

44
Q

PBS in relation to funding

A

essential medicines are funded through the pbs, providing treatment for many conditions, promoting health outcomes

45
Q

NDIS in relation to funding

A

for a range of resources that promote health status including carers who can provide support with daily living and staying socially connected. And technology e’g wheelchairs

46
Q

private health insurance in relation to funding

A

for private hospitals

47
Q

sustainability

A

of the australian health system relates to its capacity to provide a workforce and infrastructure such as facilities and equipment into the future, and to be innovative to emerging needs through interactions such as research and monitoring

48
Q

sustainable health system

A
  • research and monitoring
  • ensuring an effective health workforce and system
  • ensuring adequate funding and regulation of the health system
49
Q

medicare in relation to sustainability

A

determining which services will be covered for all the necessary reasons

50
Q

PBS in relation to sustainability

A

continually reviewing the medicines available through PBS increasing the amount adding benefits.

51
Q

NDIS in relation to sustainability

A

making sure the participants get the necessary funds for each person

52
Q

private health insurance in relation to sustainability

A

, reducing the strain on public syste

53
Q

access

A

an accessible health system is one that can provide and people with access to quality health services. Helping there needs even without ability to pay or regardless where they live

54
Q

medicare in relation to access

A

provides access to all citizens

55
Q

PBS in relation to access

A

all australian citizens and permanent residents

56
Q

NDIS in relation to access

A

access to health care for those with significant or life long disabilities

57
Q

private health insurance

A

trying to increase access for those with lower incomes

58
Q

equity

A

all Australians should be able to access healthcare

59
Q

medicare in relation to equity

A

require frequent services covered by medicare

60
Q

pbs in relation to equity

A

protects individuals and families from large overall expenses for pBS

61
Q

ndis in relation to equity

A

more significant needs receive more assistance

62
Q

private health insurance in relation to equity

A

those with lower incomes receive more financial assistance through PHS rebate.

63
Q

road safety

A

relates to invention put in place to reduce the risk of crashes, death and injury caused to individuals as a result of using roads

64
Q

facts on road safety

A

every day an average 3 killed roads. 90 serious injury

27 billion per year on road crashes

65
Q

promoting road safety in australia

A 
government laws and policies
the campaign 
road safety education victoria 
driver revive program
black spot program 
PARTY program 
victorian road safety strategy
66
Q

government law and policies

A

road rules reflect healthy public policies and the development of rules and law enforcement have been a mayor contributor to the success behind in reducing the road toll.
intro of random breath tests in 1970
1989 the 10 point system was invented
blood alcohol level

67
Q

TAC campaigns

A

working with victorian police and vic roads, the TAC addresses road safety by

  • providing resources to target spending and drink driving
  • creating high profile hard hitting mass media campaign
  • conducting road safety research
    e. g “if you drink, then drive, you’re a bloody idiot”
68
Q

road safety

A

is a program of educational activities about road safety that works to develop the personal skills of children and young people.
road safety education strengthens community action because all members of the school and general community are encouraged to share the responsibilities for the safety of young people when they are travelling.
road safety education website creates a supportive environment by helping victorian teachers, early childhood professionals, students, parents and community and covers better individual evidence.

69
Q

driver reviver program

A

was established to create a supportive environment for drivers on long journeys
the program strengthens communities action by involving for a range of organisation such as energy services volunteers.
the driver reviver program also develops personal skills by offering motoring tops on their website.

70
Q

black spot program

A

is a part of the commuter to reduce crashes. By funding measures such as traffic signals and roundabouts at dangerous locations, the program creates a supportive physical environment.

71
Q

PARTY program

A

the prevent alcohol and risk related trauma in youth program is a trauma prevention and health promotion initiative that seeks to develop the personal skills of young people by providing a real experience of a major trauma service.

72
Q

vic road safety 2021-2030

A

is a healthy public policy developed by road safety victoria in collaboration with vic roads safety partners. It strengthens community action by acknowledging road safety in complex.

73
Q

road - build healthy public policy

A

road laws such as seatbelts, speed limits and drink driving laws - the 10 point plan

74
Q

road - create supportive environment

A

random breath testing reduces the number of drivers on the road affected by alcohol or drugs, making it safer for all road users - road safety education vic

75
Q

road - strengthen community action

A

the driver reviver program involves a range of organisation such as state emergency services volunteers, rural and volunteer fire services - road safety education victoria

76
Q

road - develop personal skills

A

TAC campaigns work to provide education relating young drivers - the party program

77
Q

road - reorient health services

A

through the TAC ambulance officers assist to present services to community group - the PARTY program

78
Q

learn earn lefgend

A

is a program launched by the Australian Government in February 2010. The program’s message encourages and supports young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to stay at school so they can get a job and be a legend for themselves, their family and their community.

79
Q

closing the gap

A

2008 the council of australia governments to agree to work together to achieve equity in health services and life experiences between aboriginal and torre strait islander pupils and non indigenous Australians by the year 2030.

80
Q

considerations in evaluating indigenous initiatives

A
  • actual improvements to health and wellbeing
  • the number of participants taking part in initiative
  • feedback provided by participants
  • action areas of the ottawa charter that are evident
81
Q

initiatives to promote healthy eating

A
  • australian dietary guidelines
  • australian guide to healthy eating
  • the work of nutrition australia
82
Q

australian dietary guidelines

A

created by the national health and medical research council.
used by health professionals, educating, healthy people
not for people with serious medical conditions
aimed at all people in general health population and overweight
provide info on type of food, amount of food, food groups, dietary patterns
helps to develop healthy dietary problems
reduces the risk of developing a range of diet-related issues

83
Q

guideline 1 out of 3

A

1 to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy levels.
- children and adolescents should eat sufficient nutritious foods to grow and develop normally. They should be physically active every day

84
Q

guideline 2 out of 3

A 
2 consume a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five groups everyday 
- milk, youghurt cheese
- fruit
- vegetables 
- grains, wolgrain rice, pasta, noodles
leans meets, fish, eggs, tofu
85
Q

guideline 3 out of 3

A

limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salts and sugars and alcohol

86
Q

australian guide to healthy eating

A 
(pie chart)
pros 
- promotes water consumption
- includes healthy fats 
- shows visual examples
- shows examples of foods in each of the 5 food groups
87
Q

the work of nutrition australia

A

Act as a source of scientific info​

Produce material on nutrition to professionals​

Act as consultants to govt., food industry and consumers related to food and nutrition​

Encourage innovation in the way we provide nutritional knowledge.

88
Q

barriers of eating healthy

A
  • willpower
  • food sercurity
  • attitudes and beliefs

HEALTH (4 decks)

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