Chapter 5 Flashcards
Perceptual and Motor Development
sensory and perceptual processes (5.1)
means by which people receive, select, modify, and organize stimulation from the world
motor skills (5.1)
coordinated movements of the muscles and limbs
habituation (5.1)
when a novel stimulus is presented, babies pay much attention, but they pay less attention as it becomes more familiar
auditory threshold (5.1)
- refers to the quietest sound that a person can hear
- a fetus can hear at 7 or 8 months
- pitches of sound (low and high)
HEARING (5.1)
- 4.5 months
- 4-7 months
- 6-7 months
- recognize their name
- organize sounds into meaningful patterns
- musical tunes
Statistical learned capacity (5.1)
babies accelerate the sound which accelerates intellectual development
ATTENTION TO LANGUAGE (5.1)
- 6-8 months
- 7-9 months
- screens out sounds not heard in their native language
- more sensitive to individual words
Visual acuity (5.1)
the smallest pattern that can be distinguished dependably
- make lines narrower –> black and white becomes grey
contrast sensitivity (5.1)
measures responses to stimuli that vary both in size and contrast
cones (5.1)
detect wavelength (color) with these specialized neurons in the retina of the eye
- connection between cones and brain increase in first few months
- affect color visions
- 3m. full range of colors
amodal (5.1)
certain information (duration, rate, intensity) - it can be presented in different senses
intersensory redundancy theory (5.1)
Bahrick and Lickliter
- infant’s perceptual system is particularly attuned to amodal information that is presented to multiple sensory mods
perceptual processes (5.2)
determine that certain features go together to form objects
perceptual constancies (5.2)
achieved in infancy
- allows infants to make sense of their environments
- colour, shape constancies - interacting with their environment
size constancy (5.2)
the realization tat an object’s actual size remains the same despite changes in the size of its retinal image
visual cliff (5.2)
a glass-covered platform; on one side, a pattern appears directly under the glass, but on the other, it appears several feet below the glass
kinetic cues (5.2)
motion is used to estimate depth
visual expansion (5.2)
refers to the fact that as an object moves closer, it fills and ever greater proportion of the retina
motion parallax (5.2)
refers to the fact that a nearby moving objects move across our visual field faster than those at a distance
retinal disparity (5.2)
the left and right eyes often see slightly different versions of the same scene (4 months)
pictorial cues (5.2)
the same cues that artist use to convey depth in drawings and painting
- depend on the arrangement of objects in the environment
perceiving faces (5.2)
- 1 month: outer edges of face
- eyes, mouth, eyebrows - 5 to 6 months: facial features and the distance between these features
attention (5.2)
the process by which we select information that will be processed further
orienting response (5.2)
when presented with a strong or unfamiliar stimulus, this occurs
- a person startles, fixes the eyes on the stimulus, and shows changes in heart rate and brain wave patterns
- habituation indicates that attention is selective
