Chapter 5 Flashcards
how things seem to the conscious person
Phenomenology
the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others
Problem of Other Minds
people that are not conscious but seem as if they are
Zombies
People Judge Minds According to These Two abilities
Experience
Agency
people with little experience and agency
Dead
people with experiences but little agency
Babies
people with experience and agency
Adult Humans
people with agency but little experiences
robots, God
the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body
Mind-body Problem
Four Basic Properties of Consciousness
Intentionality
Unity
Selectivity
Transience
a property of consciousness; the quality of being directed toward an object
Intentionality
a property of consciousness; the resistance to division; the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s senses into one coherent whole
Unity
a property of consciousness; the capacity to include some objects but not others; works to tune in other information
Selectivity
people wearing headphones hear different messages in ear ear
Dichotic Listening
people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby
Cocktail Party Phenomenon
a property of consciousness; the tendency to change
Transience
3 Levels of Consciousness
Minimal Consciousness
Full Consciousness
Self-Consciousness
a level of consciousness; a low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and output behaviour
Minimal Consciousness
a level of consciousness; knowing and are able to report your mental state
Full Consciousness
a level of consciousness; a distinct level in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object
Self-Consciousness
the patient isn’t able to demonstrate full consciousness or self-consciousness
Disorder of Consciousness
a state of consciousness in which a seemingly purposeless flow of thoughts comes to mind
Daydreaming
when people that aren’t busy show a widespread pattern of activation in many areas of the brain
Default Network
the attempt to change conscious states of mind
Mental Control
the conscious avoidance of a thought
Thought Suppression
the tendency to a though to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression
Rebound Effect of Thought Suppression
a theory where ironic errors occur because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them
Ironic Processes of Mental Control
an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the parson’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces; described by Sigmund Freud
Dynamic Unconscious
a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious
Repression
when the unconscious mind makes speech errors and lapses of consciousness
Freudian Slips
all the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behaviour even though they are not experienced by the person.
Cognitive Unconsciousness
a modern view that suggests we have two different systems in our brains for processing information: one dedicated to fast, automatic and unconscious processing (System 1), and the other to slow, effortful, conscious processing (System 2).
Dual-process Theories
thought or behaviour is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving (System 1)
Subliminal Perception
a form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind
Altered State of Consciousness
a pre-sleep consciousness
Hypnagogic State
a sudden quiver or sensation of dropping
Hypnic Jerk
a post-sleep consciousness
Hypnopompic State
a naturally occurring 24 hour cycle
Circadian Rhythm
a stage of sleep where the EEG moves to frequency patterns even lower that alpha waves (theta waves)
Stage 1
a stage of sleep where patterns are interrupted by short busts of activity; sleep spindles, K complexes; sleeper becomes more difficult to awaken
Stage 2
slow-wave sleep, EEG patterns show activity called delta waves; one of the deepest stages of sleep
Stages 3 and 4
a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and high levels of brain activity
Stage 5/REM Sleep
an instrument that measures eye movement
Electrooculography (EOG)
most dreams occur in this stage of sleep
REM
a sleep disorder; difficulty falling or staying asleep; can be self-induced, secondary (response to a condition), or primary (no obvious factors).
Insomnia
a sleep disorder; the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep; typically snores due to obstruction of the breathing passage
Sleep Apnea
a sleep disorder; sleepwalking; occurs early in the night
Somnambulism
a sleep disorder; sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities
Narcolepsy
a sleep disorder; the experience of waking up unable to move
Sleep Paralysis
a sleep disorder; abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal
Night/Sleep Terrors
5 Characteristics of Dream Consciousness that Distinguish It from the Waking State
1) We intensely feel emotion
2) Dream thought is illogical
3) Sensation is fully formed and meaningful
4) Dreaming occurs with uncritical acceptance
5) We have difficulty remembering the dream after it’s over
a dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning
Manifest Content
a dream’s true underlying meaning
Latent Content
dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep
Activation Synthesis Model
chemicals that influence consciousness or behaviour by altering the brain’s chemical message system
Psychoactive Drugs
Common Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA
Acetylcholine
Dangers of Addiction
Drug tolerance
Physical dependence
Psychological dependence
substances that reduce the activity of the Central Nervous System
Depressants
alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations
Expectancy Theory
alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations
Alcohol Myopia
most common depresant
Alcohol
types of depressants
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Toxic Inhalants
substances that excite the CNS, heightening arousal and activity levels
Stimulants
types of stimulants
Caffeine Amphetamines Nicotine Cocaine Ecstasy
highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain
Narcotic (opiates)
drugs that alter sensation and perception, often cause visual and auditory hallucinations
Hallucinogens
types of hallucinogens
LSD mescaline Psilocybin PCP Ketamine "Shrooms"
a plant whose leaves and buds contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Marijuana (cannabis)
a drug whose use increases the risk of subsequent use of more harmful drugs
Gateway Drug
a social interaction in which one person makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person’s subjective experience of the world
Hypnosis
the failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget
Posthypnotic Amnesia
the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis
Hypnotic Analgesia
