Chapter 5 Flashcards
carbonyl group
functional group composed of carbon atoms double bonded to an oxygen atom
triose
a monosaccharide containing three carbons
pentose
monosaccharide containing five carbons
hexose
a monosaccharide containing six carbons
ketone
an organic compound containing a carbonyl group =C=O bonded to two hydrocarbon groups,
ketose
monosaccharide containing one ketone group per molecule
galactose
a sugar of the hexose class that is a constituent of lactose and many polysaccharides.
glycosidic linkage
the covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction between two sugar monomers
amylose
polymer bonded by alpha glycosidic linkages and is a component of starch
amylopectin
the noncrystallizable form of starch, consisting of branched polysaccharide chains.
cellulose
a structural polysaccharide composed of beta glucose monomers joined by beta-1,4 linkages. found in cell wall of plants
chitin
a structural polysaccharide joined by beta 1,4 glycosidic linkages. Found in the cell walls of fungi as well as the exoskeleton of insects
peptidoglycan
a complex structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls
glycoprotein
any protein with one or more covalently bonded carbohydrate groups
cell signaling
A signaling molecule is released by one cell, then travels through the bloodstream to bind to receptors on a distant target cell
