Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Language, Speech, And Hearing Development > Chapter 5,6,7 > Flashcards

Chapter 5,6,7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is infant’s speech perception?

A

Their ability to devot attention to the prosodic and phonetic regularities of speech (rhythm, combinations of specific sounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Prosodic = \_\_\_?
Duration = \_\_\_?
Intensity = \_\_\_?
A 
Prosodic = frequency/pitch
Duration = length
Intensity = loudness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define stress in terms of prosodic regularities

A

The prominence placed on certain syllables of multisyllabic words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define intonation

A

Similar to stress; prominence placed on certain syllables in entire sentences/phrases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prosodic characteristics

A

Frequency
Intensity
Duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phonetic regularities include?

A

Phonemes

Combinations of phonemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Categorical perception

A

The ability that allows humans to categorize speech in ways that highlight differences in meaning and ignore variations that are nonessential or not meaningful in their language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perceptual narrowing

A

The process by which infants start to focus more on perceptual differences that are relevant to them and focus less that are not relevant to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phonotactic regularities

A

The ability to recognize the combinations of phonemes in one’s language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stage model

A

Following an observable and sequential pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define reflexive focalization

A

(0-2 months) sounds of discomfort like crying and vegetable sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. Control of phonation
A

1-4 months cooing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Expansion vocalizations
A

3-8 months
Isolate vowel sounds
Marginal babbling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define marginal babbling

A

CV babbling with prolongs transitions between the consonant and vowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. Basic canonical syllables age range
A

5-10 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Advance form focalization age range

A

9-18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Paralinguistic features of infant directed speech

3

A

High pitch
Contoured pitch
Slow tempo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Syntactic characteristics of IDS

A

Shorter MLU
Fewer subordinate clauses
More content words
Less function words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference between imperative pointing and declarative pointing

A

Imperative pointing is used to request adults to retrieve something for them

Declarative pointing is used to call attention to an object and to comment on the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 phases of joint attention

A

Phase 1: attendance to social partners (birth to 6 month)
Phase 2: coordination of joint attention (6 mo - 1 year)
Phase 3: transition to language (1 yo +)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

7 characteristics of caregiver responsiveness

A
  1. Waiting and listening
  2. Following child’s lead
  3. Joining in and playing
  4. Being face to face
  5. Using a variety of questions and labels
  6. Encouraging turn taking
  7. Expanding and extending
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 important criteria for true words

A
  1. Produce the word with clear purpose
  2. Must have a recognizable pronunciation similar to actual word
  3. Used consistently and extends beyond the original context
23
Q

What does a lexical entry include?

A

Sound of word , meaning of word, part of speech

24
Q

Referential gestures

A

Gesture that indicates a precise referent and meaning across different context.

25
Q

Customary age of production

A

50 % of children can produce a sound in an adult like way in multiple positions

26
Q

Age of mastery

A

Age when children produce adult like sounds

27
Q

Phonological processes

A

Systematic and rule-governed speech patterns that characterized toddlers speech

28
Q

50 word mark occurs when?

A

18 months and 2 years

29
Q

Brown stages (6)

A
  1. (18 mo) single words
  2. (24 mo) two word sentence
  3. (30 mo) 3 word sentences with ind clauses
  4. (36 mo) 4 word sentences
  5. (42 mo) connecting devices emerge (and, because)
  6. (54 mo) complex syntax
30
Q

Quinean conundrum

A

Uncertainty surrounding mapping words to their referents in the face seemingly limitless interpretations

31
Q

Fast mapping

A

Learn novel words with few exposures

32
Q

Thematic roles toddlers acquire (5)

A

Agent: something that performs the action

Theme: movement

Source: starting point

Goal: ending point

Location: place

33
Q

When does vocabulary spurt happen?

A

18 and 24 months of age or around the time they produce 50 words

34
Q

How many words do children learn on average per day?

A

9

35
Q

Overextension

A

Children use words in an overly general manner

36
Q

3 overextensions

A

Categorical
Analogically
Relational

37
Q

Categorical overextension

A

Extend a known word to another word in the same category

38
Q

Analogical overextension

A

Extend a known word to other words that are similar (ball for round objects)

39
Q

Relational overextension

A

Extend a known other to other words that are semantically or thematically related (flower for water can)

40
Q

Under extension

A

Use words to refer to only a subset of possible referents (refer bottle to only her baby bottle and not other bottles)

41
Q

Overlap

A

Overextend and underextend

42
Q

3 reasons for word error use

A

Category membership errors
Pragmatic errors
Retrieval errors

43
Q

6 discourse functions

A
  1. Instrumental functions: satisfy their needs (including requests)
  2. Regulatory functions: control others’ behavior ( imp eratives )
  3. Personal interactional functions: share information about themselves and their feelings with others
  4. Heuristic functions: requesting information of others to learn about the world
  5. Imaginative functions: telling stories to make believe and pretend
  6. Informative functions: give information to others
44
Q

Contextualized language:

A

Grounding in our immediate context

The here and now

45
Q

Decontextualized language

A

Relies on language for meaning

46
Q

Emergent literacy

A

Earliest period of learning about reading and writing

47
Q

Meta linguistic ability

A

Ability to view language as an object of attention

48
Q

3 important achievements in emergent literacy for preschoolers

A

Alphabet knowledge: children’s knowledge about the letters of the alphabet
◦ Print awareness: children’s understanding of the forms and functions of written language
◦ Phonological awareness: children’s sensitivity to the sound units that make up speech (phonemes, syllables, words)

49
Q

4 hypothesis to learning alphabet letters

A

Own name advantage
Letter name pronunciation effect
Letter order hypothesis
Consonant order hypothesis

50
Q

Own name advantage

A

learn those letters earlier which occur in their own names

51
Q

Letter name pronunciation effect

A

learn earlier those alphabet letters for which the name of the letter is in the letter’s pronunciation

52
Q

Letter order hypothesis

A

letters occurring earlier in the alphabet string are learned before letters occurring later in the alphabet string

53
Q

Consonant order hypothesis

A

letters for which corresponding consonantal phonemes are learned early in development are learned earlier than letters for which corresponding consonantal phonemes are learned later

54
Q

6 achievements in print awareness

A

Print interest

Recognize that print exists in the environment and in books

Print functions: print conveys meaning and has a specific function

Print conventions: read print left to right and top to bottom

Print forms: specific print units– words and letters

Print part-to-whole relationships: letters combine to form words

Language, Speech, And Hearing Development (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions