Chapter 5 6 7

Question 1

Functions of ATP

Answer 1

mechanical work: muscle contraction, flagella/cilia movement, organelle movement
transport work: moving substances across cell membrane
chemical work: substance synthesis and break down, signal transduction

Question 2

ATP& Cell work

Answer 2

energy storing molecule used to power cellular work

Question 3

conformational change

Answer 3

a slight shape change on the enzyme to make a better fit

Question 4

Regeneration

Answer 4

remaining molecules are used to go back to the beginning of the process

Question 5

simple diffusion

Answer 5

spontaneous movement across of particles down their concentration gradient

Question 6

Photosystem II

Answer 6

electrons become excited by light energy is then produced and it goes to chl a then electrons become excited and transferred to the ETC then water splits and replenishes e- to Chl A, protons (H+) move into thylakoid space to increase concentration protons then move down their concentration gradient through an enzyme which uses this energy to add phosphate to ADP to make ATP

Question 7

Concentration Gradient

Answer 7

a difference in concentration from one region to another

Question 8

thermodynamics

Answer 8

branch of physics that studies energy transformations

Question 9

exocytosis

Answer 9

vesicle fuses with cell membrane to spill out its contents

Question 10

active transport

Answer 10

energy required to move particles from low to high concentration

Question 11

induced fit

Answer 11

interaction between enzyme and substrate

Question 12

entropy

Answer 12

measurement of the amount of disorder in a system

Question 13

ETC

Answer 13

Initiating Molecules: NADH FADH
Important Products: 32 ATP
Important Enzymes: ATP Synthase
Location: Inner Membrane

Question 14

First Law: Conservation of Energy

Answer 14

energy is never created nor destroyed, only transformed

Question 15

Allosteric Inhibiton

Answer 15

molecule bins onto another site, not the active site,causing a change to the active site, which becomes no longer a proper fit for the substrate to bind

Question 16

Cellular Respiration: Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 16

After Acetyl CoA enters this cycle, it is transformed into electron carrier molecules, nadh & fadh2 which will drive ETC then more CO2 is released as a by product

Question 17

inhibitor

Answer 17

molecule binds to the active site and inhibits substrate from binding

Question 18

osmoregulation

Answer 18

process by which organisms control water balance then part of the homeostatic capabilities of living organisms to adjust to our changing enviornment

Question 19

glycolysis

Answer 19

initiator:glucose
important product: pyruvate 2 atp 2 nadh
location: cytosol

Question 20

phagocytosis

Answer 20

endocytosis into a food vesicle

Question 21

photosystem I

Answer 21

to replenish electrons to another chl a then e- from this chl a are used to make nadph from nadp+

Question 22

hypertonic

Answer 22

concentration of solute is higher on the outside of the cell membrane which makes the cell shrink

Question 23

enzymes

Answer 23

catalyst
speed up chem. reactions
protein
amino acids
lower activation energy
lock and key mechanism

Question 24

hypotonic

Answer 24

concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell membrane which causes the cell to burst

Question 25

osmosis

Answer 25

spontaneous movement of water down its concentration gradient across a semi permeable membrane

Question 26

isotonic

Answer 26

concentration of solutes is the same outside as inside which is ideal

Question 27

kinetic energy

Answer 27

energy of an object in motion

Question 28

energy

Answer 28

the capacity to cause change

Question 29

potential energy

Answer 29

energy stored in an object