Chapter 4 Flashcards
Magnification
size enlargement of object’s image as compared to actual size
Resolving Power (resolution)
ability to show two objects as separate points
invagination
inner folding of the cell membrane
the three domains
eukarya
archea
bacteria
basic structure
phospholipid bilayer that holds the contents of a cell and regulates what enters and exits the cell
Chromatin
DNA and associated proteins called histones to keep DNA from tangling
endosymbiotic theory
a smaller simpler cell becomes an important component of a larger cell (chloroplasts and mitochondria)
3 organelles found only in plants
central vacuole
cell wall
chloroplast
light compound microscope
- sees movement and external features
- 1,000 magnification
- uses beam of light
scanning electron microscope
- sees the surface
- 100,000 magnification
- uses beam of electrons
transmission electron microscope
- sees internal surface
- 100,000 magnification
- preparation: freeze and slice open
- uses beams of electrons
Prokaryotes
- “before nucleus”
- smallest cells
- unicellular
- no membrane bound organelles
- simple
- no oxygen
- fast reproduction
- DNA forming a nucleoid region
Eukaryotes
- “true nucleus”
- DNA enclosed by a nuclear membrane
- larger cells
- mostly multi-cellular
- membrane bound
- complex structure
- slow reproduction
- needs oxygen
3 main components of a cell
- plasma membrane
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
ribosomes
- involved in protein synthesis
- either in cytosol or rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- embedded with ribosomes
- synthesis of new membrane for the whole cell
- synthesis of proteins
- usage of transport vesicles for protein delivery
Smooth ER
- lacks ribosomes
- synthesis lipids
- detoxifying enzymes destroy sedatives
- SER production increases tolerance to drugs
synthesis (you don’t have to know this but i think it could help on the test)
the production of chemical compounds by simpler materials
golgi appartus
- receives, stores, refines and distributes products
- stack of membranous plates,modify them on one side, (adding phoshate groups and carbohydrates) and shipping them to the other end within transport vesicles
lysosomes
- sac of digestive enzymes in animal cells
- safe compartment for digestion
- may fuse with food vesicles
- destroys harmful bacteria
- breaks down worn out organelles
- Tay-Sachs disease
Vacuoles
- large sacs of membrane
- freshwater protists
- holds 90-98% of water
- organic nutrients
- may have pigments and poison
chloroplast
- found in all plants
- site of photosynthesis
- structure: chloroplast membrane, grana made of thylakoids, stroma
mitochondria
- transform organic energy into ATP (needed for cell work)
- all eukaryotic cells have them
- structure: outer and inner membrane, matrix, inter membrane space, cristae
cytoskeleton
- network of protein fibers
- mechanical support/shape
- reinforcement for organelles
- locomotion: cilia and flagella
