Chapter 4

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

size enlargement of object’s image as compared to actual size

Question 2

Resolving Power (resolution)

Answer 2

ability to show two objects as separate points

Question 3

invagination

Answer 3

inner folding of the cell membrane

Question 4

the three domains

Answer 4

eukarya
archea
bacteria

Question 5

basic structure

Answer 5

phospholipid bilayer that holds the contents of a cell and regulates what enters and exits the cell

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

DNA and associated proteins called histones to keep DNA from tangling

Question 7

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 7

a smaller simpler cell becomes an important component of a larger cell (chloroplasts and mitochondria)

Question 8

3 organelles found only in plants

Answer 8

central vacuole
cell wall
chloroplast

Question 9

light compound microscope

Answer 9

• sees movement and external features
• 1,000 magnification
• uses beam of light

Question 10

scanning electron microscope

Answer 10

• sees the surface
• 100,000 magnification
• uses beam of electrons

Question 11

transmission electron microscope

Answer 11

• sees internal surface
• 100,000 magnification
• preparation: freeze and slice open
• uses beams of electrons

Question 12

Prokaryotes

Answer 12

• “before nucleus”
• smallest cells
• unicellular
• no membrane bound organelles
• simple
• no oxygen
• fast reproduction
• DNA forming a nucleoid region

Question 13

Eukaryotes

Answer 13

• “true nucleus”
• DNA enclosed by a nuclear membrane
• larger cells
• mostly multi-cellular
• membrane bound
• complex structure
• slow reproduction
• needs oxygen

Question 14

3 main components of a cell

Answer 14

• plasma membrane
• nucleus
• cytoplasm

Question 15

ribosomes

Answer 15

• involved in protein synthesis

- either in cytosol or rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

• embedded with ribosomes
• synthesis of new membrane for the whole cell
• synthesis of proteins
• usage of transport vesicles for protein delivery

Question 17

Smooth ER

Answer 17

• lacks ribosomes
• synthesis lipids
• detoxifying enzymes destroy sedatives
• SER production increases tolerance to drugs

Question 18

synthesis (you don’t have to know this but i think it could help on the test)

Answer 18

the production of chemical compounds by simpler materials

Question 19

golgi appartus

Answer 19

• receives, stores, refines and distributes products
• stack of membranous plates,modify them on one side, (adding phoshate groups and carbohydrates) and shipping them to the other end within transport vesicles

Question 20

lysosomes

Answer 20

• sac of digestive enzymes in animal cells
• safe compartment for digestion
• may fuse with food vesicles
• destroys harmful bacteria
• breaks down worn out organelles
• Tay-Sachs disease

Question 21

Vacuoles

Answer 21

• large sacs of membrane
• freshwater protists
• holds 90-98% of water
• organic nutrients
• may have pigments and poison

Question 22

chloroplast

Answer 22

• found in all plants
• site of photosynthesis
• structure: chloroplast membrane, grana made of thylakoids, stroma

Question 23

mitochondria

Answer 23

• transform organic energy into ATP (needed for cell work)
• all eukaryotic cells have them
• structure: outer and inner membrane, matrix, inter membrane space, cristae

Question 24

cytoskeleton

Answer 24

• network of protein fibers
• mechanical support/shape
• reinforcement for organelles
• locomotion: cilia and flagella