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Computer Information Systems > Chapter 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

switch

A

A telecommunications device that uses the physical device address in each incoming message on the network to determine to which output port it should forward the message to reach another device on the same network

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2
Q

voice mail

A

Technology that enables users to send, receive, and store verbal messages to and from other people around the world

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3
Q

data loss prevention (DLP)

A

Systems designed to lock down–to identify, monitor, and protect–data within an organization

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4
Q

voice mail-to-text service

A

A service that captures voice mail messages, converts them to text, and sends them to an email account

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5
Q

Wi-Fi

A

A medium-range wireless telecommunications technology brand owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance

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6
Q

gateway

A

A telecommunications device that serves as an entrance to another network

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7
Q

virtual private network (VPN)

A

A private network that uses a public network (Internet) to connect multiple remote locations

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8
Q

centralized processing

A

An approach to processing wherein all processing occurs in a single location or facility

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9
Q

object-oriented database

A

A database that stores both data and its processing instructions

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10
Q

data administrator

A

A nontechnical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues

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11
Q

distributed database

A

A database in which the data can be spread across several smaller databases connected through telecommunications devices

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12
Q

linking

A

The ability to combine two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes

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13
Q

data mining

A

An information-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse

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14
Q

packet-switching network

A

A network in which no fixed path is created between the communicating devices and the data is broken into packets, with each packet transmitted individually and capable of taking various paths from sender to recipient

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15
Q

wireless mesh

A

A form of communication that uses multiple Wi-Fi access points to link a series of interconnected local area networks to form a wide area network capable of serving a large campus or an entire city

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16
Q

ZigBee

A

A form of wireless communications frequently used in security systems and heating and cooling control systems

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17
Q

field

A

Typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity

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18
Q

relational model

A

A database model that describes data in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files

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19
Q

ultra wideband (UWB)

A

A form of short-range communications that employs extremely short electromagnetic pulses lasting just 50 to 1000 picoseconds that are transmitted across a broad range of radio frequencies of several gigahertz

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20
Q

network-management software

A

Software that enables a manager on a networked desktop to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware, scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses

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21
Q

predictive analysis

A

A form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as future product sales or the probability that a customer will default on a loan

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22
Q

computer network

A

The communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices

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23
Q

object-relational database management system (ORDBMS)

A

A DMBS capable of manipulating audio, video, and graphical data

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24
Q

data mart

A

A subset of a data warehouse that is used by small and medium-sized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making

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25
Q

modem

A

A telecommunications hardware device that converts (modulates and demodulates) communications signals so they can be transmitted over the communication media

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26
Q

database approach to data management

A

An approach to data management where multiple information system share a pool of related data

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27
Q

character

A

A basic building block of most information, consisting of upper-case letters, lowercase letters, numeric digits, or special symbols

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28
Q

online analytical processing (OLAP)

A

Software that allows users to explore data from a number of perspectives

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29
Q

data item

A

The specific value of an attribute

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30
Q

Near Field Communication (NFC)

A

A very short-range wireless connectivity technology designed for consumer electronics, cell phones, and credit cards

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31
Q

wide area network (WAN)

A

A telecommunications network that connects large geographic regions

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32
Q

counterintelligence

A

The steps an organization takes to protect information sought by “hostile” intelligence gatherers

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33
Q

HSPA+ (Evolved High Speed Packet Access)

A

A broadband telecommunications standard that provides data rates of up to 42 Mbps on the downlink and 22 Mbps on the uplink

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34
Q

selecting

A

Manipulating data to eliminate rows according to certain criteria

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35
Q

competitive intelligence

A

One aspect of business intelligence limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics, and operations

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36
Q

data dictionary

A

A detailed description of all data used in the database

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37
Q

attribute

A

A characteristic of an entity

38
Q

telecommuting

A

The use of computing devices and networks so that employees can work effectively away from the office

39
Q

data model

A

A diagram of data entities and their relationships

40
Q

digital subscriber line (DSL)

A

A telecommunications service that delivers high-speed Internet access to homes and small businesses over the existing phone lines of the local telephone network

41
Q

file

A

A collection of related records

42
Q

infrared transmission

A

A form of communications that sends signals at a frequency of 300 GHz and above– higher than those of microwaves but lower than those of visible light

43
Q

electronic document distribution

A

A process that enables the sending and receiving of documents in a digital form without being printed

44
Q

entity-relationship (ER) diagrams

A

Data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data

45
Q

hierarchy of data

A

Bits, characters, field, records, files, and databases

46
Q

router

A

A telecommunications device that forwards data packets across two or more distinct networks toward their destinations through a process known as routing

47
Q

data definition language (DDL)

A

A collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database

48
Q

database management system (DBMS)

A

A group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application programs

49
Q

private branch exchange (PBX)

A

A telephone switching exchange that serves a single organization

50
Q

channel bandwidth

A

The rate at which data is exchanged

51
Q

encryption key

A

A variable value that is applied to a set of unencrypted text to produce encrypted text or to decrypt encrypted text

52
Q

metropolitan area network (MAN)

A

A telecommunication network that connects users and their computers in a geographical area that spans a campus or city

53
Q

key

A

A field or set of fields in a record that is used to indentify the record

54
Q

replicated database

A

A database that holds a duplicate set of frequently used data

55
Q

client/server architecture

A

An approach to computing wherein multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution

56
Q

Bluetooth

A

A wireless communications specification that describes how devices can be interconnected over distances of 10-30 feet at a rate of about 2 Mpbs

57
Q

reverse 911 service

A

A communications solution that delivers emergency notifications to users in a selected geographical area

58
Q

entity

A

A general class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

59
Q

object-oriented database management system (OODBMS)

A

A group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database and provide a user interface and connections to other application programs

60
Q

network operating system (NOS)

A

Systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other

61
Q

primary key

A

A field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

62
Q

enterprise data modeling

A

Data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise

63
Q

record

A

A collection of data fields all related to one object, activity, or individual

64
Q

domain

A

The allowable values for data attributes

65
Q

traditional approach to data management

A

An approach to data management whereby each distinct operational system uses data files dedicated to that system

66
Q

data warehouse

A

A large database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers, in support of management decision making

67
Q

full-duplex channel

A

A communications channel that permits data transmission in both directions at the same time

68
Q

data cleanup

A

The process of looking for and fixing inconsistencies to ensure that data is accurate and complete

69
Q

distributed processing

A

An approach to processing wherein processing devices are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via a network

70
Q

telecommunication medium

A

Any material substance that carries an electronic signal to support communications between a sending and receiving device

71
Q

business intelligence (BI)

A

The process of gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations

72
Q

projecting

A

Manipulating data to eliminate columns in a table

73
Q

half-duplex channel

A

A communications channel that can transmit data in either direction but not simultaneously

74
Q

videoconferencing

A

A set of interactive telecommunications technologies that enable people at multiple locations to communicate using simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions

75
Q

database administrator (DBA)

A

A skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization’s database

76
Q

bridge

A

A telecommunications device that connects two LANs together using the same telecommunications protocol

77
Q

schema

A

A description of the entire database

78
Q

data manipulation language (DML)

A

A specific language, provided with a DBMS, which allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports

79
Q

joining

A

Manipulating data to combine two or more tables

80
Q

encryption

A

The process of converting an original message into a form that can be understand only by the intended receiver

81
Q

personal area network (PAN)

A

A network that supports the interconnection of information technology close to one person

82
Q

networking protocol

A

A set of rules, algorithms, messages, and other mechanisms that enable software and hardware in networked devices to communicate effectively

83
Q

decentralized processing

A

An approach to processing wherein processing devices are placed at various remote locations

84
Q

local area network (LAN)

A

A network that connects computer systems and devices within a small area, such as office, home, or several floors in a building

85
Q

broadband communications

A

A relative term but it generally means a telecommunications system that can transmit data very quickly

86
Q

circuit-switching network

A

A network that sets up a circuit between the sender and receiver before any communications can occur

87
Q

simplex channel

A

A communications channel that can transmit data in only one direction and is seldom used for business telecommunications

88
Q

concurrency control

A

A method of dealing with a situation in which two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time

89
Q

data center

A

A climate-controlled building or a set of buildings that houses database servers and the system that deliver mission-critical information and services

90
Q

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

A

A standard for wireless communications for mobile phones based on packet switching

Computer Information Systems (5 decks)

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