Chapter 5 & 6 Flashcards
switch
A telecommunications device that uses the physical device address in each incoming message on the network to determine to which output port it should forward the message to reach another device on the same network
voice mail
Technology that enables users to send, receive, and store verbal messages to and from other people around the world
data loss prevention (DLP)
Systems designed to lock down–to identify, monitor, and protect–data within an organization
voice mail-to-text service
A service that captures voice mail messages, converts them to text, and sends them to an email account
Wi-Fi
A medium-range wireless telecommunications technology brand owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance
gateway
A telecommunications device that serves as an entrance to another network
virtual private network (VPN)
A private network that uses a public network (Internet) to connect multiple remote locations
centralized processing
An approach to processing wherein all processing occurs in a single location or facility
object-oriented database
A database that stores both data and its processing instructions
data administrator
A nontechnical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues
distributed database
A database in which the data can be spread across several smaller databases connected through telecommunications devices
linking
The ability to combine two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes
data mining
An information-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse
packet-switching network
A network in which no fixed path is created between the communicating devices and the data is broken into packets, with each packet transmitted individually and capable of taking various paths from sender to recipient
wireless mesh
A form of communication that uses multiple Wi-Fi access points to link a series of interconnected local area networks to form a wide area network capable of serving a large campus or an entire city
ZigBee
A form of wireless communications frequently used in security systems and heating and cooling control systems
field
Typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity
relational model
A database model that describes data in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files
ultra wideband (UWB)
A form of short-range communications that employs extremely short electromagnetic pulses lasting just 50 to 1000 picoseconds that are transmitted across a broad range of radio frequencies of several gigahertz
network-management software
Software that enables a manager on a networked desktop to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware, scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses
predictive analysis
A form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as future product sales or the probability that a customer will default on a loan
computer network
The communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices
object-relational database management system (ORDBMS)
A DMBS capable of manipulating audio, video, and graphical data
data mart
A subset of a data warehouse that is used by small and medium-sized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making
modem
A telecommunications hardware device that converts (modulates and demodulates) communications signals so they can be transmitted over the communication media
database approach to data management
An approach to data management where multiple information system share a pool of related data
character
A basic building block of most information, consisting of upper-case letters, lowercase letters, numeric digits, or special symbols
online analytical processing (OLAP)
Software that allows users to explore data from a number of perspectives
data item
The specific value of an attribute
Near Field Communication (NFC)
A very short-range wireless connectivity technology designed for consumer electronics, cell phones, and credit cards
wide area network (WAN)
A telecommunications network that connects large geographic regions
counterintelligence
The steps an organization takes to protect information sought by “hostile” intelligence gatherers
HSPA+ (Evolved High Speed Packet Access)
A broadband telecommunications standard that provides data rates of up to 42 Mbps on the downlink and 22 Mbps on the uplink
selecting
Manipulating data to eliminate rows according to certain criteria
competitive intelligence
One aspect of business intelligence limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics, and operations
data dictionary
A detailed description of all data used in the database
attribute
A characteristic of an entity
telecommuting
The use of computing devices and networks so that employees can work effectively away from the office
data model
A diagram of data entities and their relationships
digital subscriber line (DSL)
A telecommunications service that delivers high-speed Internet access to homes and small businesses over the existing phone lines of the local telephone network
file
A collection of related records
infrared transmission
A form of communications that sends signals at a frequency of 300 GHz and above– higher than those of microwaves but lower than those of visible light
electronic document distribution
A process that enables the sending and receiving of documents in a digital form without being printed
entity-relationship (ER) diagrams
Data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data
hierarchy of data
Bits, characters, field, records, files, and databases
router
A telecommunications device that forwards data packets across two or more distinct networks toward their destinations through a process known as routing
data definition language (DDL)
A collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database
database management system (DBMS)
A group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application programs
private branch exchange (PBX)
A telephone switching exchange that serves a single organization
channel bandwidth
The rate at which data is exchanged
encryption key
A variable value that is applied to a set of unencrypted text to produce encrypted text or to decrypt encrypted text
metropolitan area network (MAN)
A telecommunication network that connects users and their computers in a geographical area that spans a campus or city
key
A field or set of fields in a record that is used to indentify the record
replicated database
A database that holds a duplicate set of frequently used data
client/server architecture
An approach to computing wherein multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution
Bluetooth
A wireless communications specification that describes how devices can be interconnected over distances of 10-30 feet at a rate of about 2 Mpbs
reverse 911 service
A communications solution that delivers emergency notifications to users in a selected geographical area
entity
A general class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained
object-oriented database management system (OODBMS)
A group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database and provide a user interface and connections to other application programs
network operating system (NOS)
Systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other
primary key
A field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record
enterprise data modeling
Data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise
record
A collection of data fields all related to one object, activity, or individual
domain
The allowable values for data attributes
traditional approach to data management
An approach to data management whereby each distinct operational system uses data files dedicated to that system
data warehouse
A large database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers, in support of management decision making
full-duplex channel
A communications channel that permits data transmission in both directions at the same time
data cleanup
The process of looking for and fixing inconsistencies to ensure that data is accurate and complete
distributed processing
An approach to processing wherein processing devices are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via a network
telecommunication medium
Any material substance that carries an electronic signal to support communications between a sending and receiving device
business intelligence (BI)
The process of gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations
projecting
Manipulating data to eliminate columns in a table
half-duplex channel
A communications channel that can transmit data in either direction but not simultaneously
videoconferencing
A set of interactive telecommunications technologies that enable people at multiple locations to communicate using simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions
database administrator (DBA)
A skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization’s database
bridge
A telecommunications device that connects two LANs together using the same telecommunications protocol
schema
A description of the entire database
data manipulation language (DML)
A specific language, provided with a DBMS, which allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports
joining
Manipulating data to combine two or more tables
encryption
The process of converting an original message into a form that can be understand only by the intended receiver
personal area network (PAN)
A network that supports the interconnection of information technology close to one person
networking protocol
A set of rules, algorithms, messages, and other mechanisms that enable software and hardware in networked devices to communicate effectively
decentralized processing
An approach to processing wherein processing devices are placed at various remote locations
local area network (LAN)
A network that connects computer systems and devices within a small area, such as office, home, or several floors in a building
broadband communications
A relative term but it generally means a telecommunications system that can transmit data very quickly
circuit-switching network
A network that sets up a circuit between the sender and receiver before any communications can occur
simplex channel
A communications channel that can transmit data in only one direction and is seldom used for business telecommunications
concurrency control
A method of dealing with a situation in which two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time
data center
A climate-controlled building or a set of buildings that houses database servers and the system that deliver mission-critical information and services
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
A standard for wireless communications for mobile phones based on packet switching
