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Computer Information Systems > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

information system (IS)

A

A set of interrelated components:

HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
DATA
PROCEDURE
PEOPLE
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2
Q

data

A

raw facts

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3
Q

information

A

A collection of facts organized and processed

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4
Q

process

A

A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome

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5
Q

knowledge

A

The awareness and understanding of a set of information

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6
Q

system

A

A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals

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7
Q

efficiency

A

A measure of what is produced ÷ by what is consumed.

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8
Q

effectiveness

A

A measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals. (Goals Achieved ÷ Total Stated Goals)

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9
Q

system performance standard

A

A specific objective of the system

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10
Q

input

A

The activity of gathering and capturing raw data

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11
Q

processing

A

Converting or transforming data into useful outputs

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12
Q

output

A

Production of useful information (documents, reports…)

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13
Q

feedback

A

Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

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14
Q

forecasting

A

Predicting future events to avoid problems

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15
Q

computer-based information system (CBIS)

A

A single set of things

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16
Q

technology infrastructure

A

All the things

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17
Q

hardware

A

Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities

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18
Q

software

A

The computer programs that govern the operation of the computer

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19
Q

database

A

An organized collection of facts and information

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20
Q

telecommunications

A

The electronic transmission of signals for communications

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21
Q

network

A

Computers and equipment that are connected

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22
Q

Internet

A

The world’s largest computer network

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23
Q

intranet

A

An internal network for insiders

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24
Q

extranet

A

A network that can be accessed by selected outsiders

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25
Q

procedures

A

The strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a CBIS

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26
Q

electronic commerce (e-commerce)

A

Any business transaction executed electronically

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27
Q

mobile commerce (m-commerce)

A

The use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business

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28
Q

electronic business (e-business)

A

Using information systems and the Internet to perform all business-related tasks and functions

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29
Q

transaction

A

Any business-related exchange

30
Q

transaction processing system (TPS)

A

An organized collection of things used to perform and record business transactions

31
Q

enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

A

A set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations

32
Q

management information system (MIS)

A

An organized collection of things that provides routine information to managers and decision makers

33
Q

decision support system (DSS)

A

An organized collection of things used to support problem-specific decision making

34
Q

artificial intelligence (AI)

A

A field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence

35
Q

expert system

A

A system that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a particular field

36
Q

knowledge base

A

The collection of things that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome

37
Q

virtual reality

A

The simulation of a real or imagined environment

38
Q

systems development

A

The activity of creating or modifying information systems

39
Q

computer literacy

A

Knowledge of computer systems and equipment

40
Q

information systems literacy

A

Knowledge of how data and information are used

41
Q

organization

A

A collection of people to accomplish a set of goals.

42
Q

value chain

A

A series of activities (inbound/outbound; sales, manufacturing)

43
Q

organizational structure

A

Organizational subunits

44
Q

traditional organization structure

A

Hierarchy of decision making that flows from top management down to employees

45
Q

flat organizational structure

A

A reduced number of management layers

46
Q

empowerment

A

Giving employees/managers more responsibility and authority

47
Q

project organizational structure

A

Centered on major products or services

48
Q

team organizational structure

A

Centered on work teams or groups

49
Q

culture

A

A set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group

50
Q

organizational culture

A

Understandings and assumptions for a organization

51
Q

organizational change

A

How organizations plan for, implement, and handle change.

52
Q

change model

A

A representation of change theories that identifies the phases of change and the best way to implement them

53
Q

organizational learning

A

The adaptations and adjustments based on experience and ideas over time

54
Q

reengineering (process redesign)

A

The radical redesign to achieve a break through in business results

55
Q

continuous improvement

A

Constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services

56
Q

technology acceptance model (TAM)

A

A model that specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about an information system

57
Q

technology diffusion

A

A measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization

58
Q

technology infusion

A

Measure of how deeply embedded (permeates) technology is in an area of the organization

59
Q

quality

A

The ability of a product or service to meet or exceed customer expectations

60
Q

outsourcing

A

Contracting with outside professional services to meet specific business needs

61
Q

on-demand computing

A

Contracting for computer resources

62
Q

downsizing

A

Reducing the number of employees to cut costs

63
Q

competitive advantage

A

A long term benefit to a company over its competition

64
Q

five-forces model

A
  1. Rivalry among existing competitors
  2. Threat of new entrants
  3. Threat of substitute products and services
  4. Bargaining power of buyers
  5. Bargaining power of suppliers
65
Q

strategic alliance (or partnership)

A

An agreement between 2 or more companies that involves the joint production and distribution of goods and services

66
Q

productivity

A

A measure of the output achieved ÷ input required

67
Q

return on investment (ROI)

A

One measure of information system value that investigates the additional profits/benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in information system technology

68
Q

total cost of ownership (TCO)

A

The sum of all costs over the life of an information system

69
Q

information center

A

A support function for users

70
Q

information service unit

A

A miniature information system department attached and directly reporting to a functional area in a large organization

71
Q

certification

A

A process for testing skills and knowledge

Computer Information Systems (5 decks)

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