Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
information system (IS)
A set of interrelated components:
HARDWARE SOFTWARE DATA PROCEDURE PEOPLE
data
raw facts
information
A collection of facts organized and processed
process
A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome
knowledge
The awareness and understanding of a set of information
system
A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals
efficiency
A measure of what is produced ÷ by what is consumed.
effectiveness
A measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals. (Goals Achieved ÷ Total Stated Goals)
system performance standard
A specific objective of the system
input
The activity of gathering and capturing raw data
processing
Converting or transforming data into useful outputs
output
Production of useful information (documents, reports…)
feedback
Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities
forecasting
Predicting future events to avoid problems
computer-based information system (CBIS)
A single set of things
technology infrastructure
All the things
hardware
Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities
software
The computer programs that govern the operation of the computer
database
An organized collection of facts and information
telecommunications
The electronic transmission of signals for communications
network
Computers and equipment that are connected
Internet
The world’s largest computer network
intranet
An internal network for insiders
extranet
A network that can be accessed by selected outsiders
procedures
The strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a CBIS
electronic commerce (e-commerce)
Any business transaction executed electronically
mobile commerce (m-commerce)
The use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business
electronic business (e-business)
Using information systems and the Internet to perform all business-related tasks and functions
transaction
Any business-related exchange
transaction processing system (TPS)
An organized collection of things used to perform and record business transactions
enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
A set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations
management information system (MIS)
An organized collection of things that provides routine information to managers and decision makers
decision support system (DSS)
An organized collection of things used to support problem-specific decision making
artificial intelligence (AI)
A field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence
expert system
A system that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a particular field
knowledge base
The collection of things that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome
virtual reality
The simulation of a real or imagined environment
systems development
The activity of creating or modifying information systems
computer literacy
Knowledge of computer systems and equipment
information systems literacy
Knowledge of how data and information are used
organization
A collection of people to accomplish a set of goals.
value chain
A series of activities (inbound/outbound; sales, manufacturing)
organizational structure
Organizational subunits
traditional organization structure
Hierarchy of decision making that flows from top management down to employees
flat organizational structure
A reduced number of management layers
empowerment
Giving employees/managers more responsibility and authority
project organizational structure
Centered on major products or services
team organizational structure
Centered on work teams or groups
culture
A set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group
organizational culture
Understandings and assumptions for a organization
organizational change
How organizations plan for, implement, and handle change.
change model
A representation of change theories that identifies the phases of change and the best way to implement them
organizational learning
The adaptations and adjustments based on experience and ideas over time
reengineering (process redesign)
The radical redesign to achieve a break through in business results
continuous improvement
Constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services
technology acceptance model (TAM)
A model that specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about an information system
technology diffusion
A measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
technology infusion
Measure of how deeply embedded (permeates) technology is in an area of the organization
quality
The ability of a product or service to meet or exceed customer expectations
outsourcing
Contracting with outside professional services to meet specific business needs
on-demand computing
Contracting for computer resources
downsizing
Reducing the number of employees to cut costs
competitive advantage
A long term benefit to a company over its competition
five-forces model
- Rivalry among existing competitors
- Threat of new entrants
- Threat of substitute products and services
- Bargaining power of buyers
- Bargaining power of suppliers
strategic alliance (or partnership)
An agreement between 2 or more companies that involves the joint production and distribution of goods and services
productivity
A measure of the output achieved ÷ input required
return on investment (ROI)
One measure of information system value that investigates the additional profits/benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in information system technology
total cost of ownership (TCO)
The sum of all costs over the life of an information system
information center
A support function for users
information service unit
A miniature information system department attached and directly reporting to a functional area in a large organization
certification
A process for testing skills and knowledge
