Chapter 5 & 6 Flashcards
If you are 20 yrs old…
the earth’s population would have grown by nearly 30% since your birth. 1.6 Billion!
pre-agricultural period
100,000
development of human culture
agricultural period
10,000
domestication of plants and animals and the development of farming
industrial period
Technologies powered by fossil fuels increased food production
cellular respiration byproducts
heat, carbon dioxide, and water
protons
positively charged particles
electrons
negatively charged particles
Atoms of an element always have the same number of protons…
but they may have different numbers of neutrons.
Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons are called
Isotopes
Amensalism
-,0 one is harmed while the other isn’t affected
Commensalism
+, 0 one benefits while the other isn’t affected
Intraspecific competition
members of the SAME SPECIES pursue limited resources
Interspecific competition
DIFFERENT SPECIES compete for shared resources
Herbivory
+, - one benefits while the other is harmed ex: deer foraging on acorns
Competitive- Exclusion Principle
Two species that directly compete for essential resources cannot coexist; one species will eventually displace the other.
Interference Competition
Basically scaring off competition
Ex: through interference competition, garlic mustard has significantly decreased the diversity of the ecological community where it is now abundant.
Exploitation Competition
indirecty competing with another species
Cellulose
a polymer of the sugar glucose
Coevolution
Coexisting and evolving together
two or more species affect each other’s evolution
primary producers
transform energy from sunlight through photosynthesis
primary consumers
animals that feed on primary producers such as plants
the loss of carnivores
trophic cascade
process of post-disturbance change in an ecological community is called
succesion
primary succession
where a disturbance has removed virtually all ecological legacies.
Mortality transition
death rates decrease while birth rates remain high or increase
Pre Transition Stage
death rates are high
Fertility Transition
birth rates and death rates both decrease
Whose forecast predicted that Earth’s human carrying capacity, which would not be reached until 2100, would be fewer than 3 billion people?
Raymond Pearl and Sophia Gould
The IPAT formula is used to estimate the
the environmental impact of a population
The neo-Malthusian movement advocated for
birth control to limit population growth
process by which potential competitors in an ecological community are able to coexist
Niche Differentiation, allows them to divide the fundamental niche
carries parasites but are unaffected by them
A vector
keystone producers
essential in an ecosystem and their absence could cause a population crash
