Chapter 5

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

chromosome (5.1) A strand of DNA with associated proteins
that is usually found in the nucleus of a cell; the basis of
heredity.

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

gene (5.1) A segment of DNA that codes for a specific pro- tein (or part of a protein), which contributes to a specific
characteristic

Question 3

Diploid

Answer 3

Having two of each type of chromosome in the cells of an organism;

Question 4

Cell division

Answer 4

The division of one cell into two cells

Question 5

Interphase

Answer 5

The phase of a cell’s life cycle before mitosis
and cytokinesis when the cell grows and genes are copied.

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

The separating of a cell’s duplicated chromosomes that results in two identical nuclei.

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

The first phase of mitosis, when the chromo- somes coil and sister chromatids become obvious.

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

The third phase of mitosis, when sister chromatids
separate and the new daughter chromosomes move to
opposite ends of the spindle.

Question 9

Telophase

Answer 9

The last phase of mitosis, when the daughter
chromosomes reach the ends of the spindle and two identical
nuclei form.

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

The final stage of cell division in which the
cytoplasm divides, forming two separate cells.

Question 11

Asexual reproduction

Answer 11

The production of a new organism
without the joining of gametes, resulting in offspring that are identical to the parent; in eukaryotes, involves mitotic cell divisions.

Question 12

Sexual reproduction

Answer 12

The union of haploid gam- etes to form a diploid zygote, which develops into a new individual.

Question 13

Meiosis

Answer 13

The separating of a cell’s duplicated chromosomes that results in two identical nuclei.

Question 14

Gamete

Answer 14

A haploid cell that contains only one of each type of chromosome found in an organism

Question 15

Haploid

Answer 15

Having only one of each chromosome normally
found in the cells of an organism, such as in gametes

Question 16

Fertilization

Answer 16

The formation of a zygote from the union of two gametes.

Question 17

Zygote

Answer 17

A diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes.

Question 18

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 18

A nucleic acid that carries
genetic information and is usually found in the nucleus.

Question 19

Nucleotide

Answer 19

The basic structural unit of DNA and RNA, which contains a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.

Question 20

DNA replication

Answer 20

The process of forming two DNA molecules from one original DNA molecule.

Question 21

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Answer 21

A nucleic acid made of a single
chain of nucleotides that forms from DNA and functions
with ribosomes to make proteins.

Question 22

Messenger RNA

Answer 22

The RNA molecule that trans-
ports a copy of DNA’s coded message from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm.

Question 23

Transcription

Answer 23

The manufacture of a single mRNA strand from a DNA molecule.

Question 24

Protein synthesis

Answer 24

The manufacturing of a protein.

Question 25

Transfer RNA

Answer 25

The RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the messenger RNA on a ribosome.

Question 26

Codon

Answer 26

A sequence of three nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that codes for an amino acid to be used in a protein.