Chapter 5 Flashcards
Applies data from an instrument to objects, people or events
Measurement
Numerical data collected
Quantitative
Data collected with the use of narrative and observation approaches
Qualitative
What are the levels of measurement from simple to complex?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Data into categories; mutually exclusive; categories are exhaustive
Nominal
Data into categories; mutually exclusive and exhaustive but also rank ordered; can’t measure distance between categories
Ordinal
(numerical data) into categories; mutually exclusive and exhaustive; rank orders, can measure distance between categories
Interval
(numerical data) into categories; mutually exclusive and exhaustive; rank orders; can measure distance between categories; there is an absolute zero
Ratio
Instrument shows reliability, validity and fairness
Psychometric Qualities
Consistency in the measurement process
Reliability
Measures what is intended to measure, correctly measuring concepts under investigation
Validity
Checks if items on the instrument are measuring the same research domain
Internal consistency
The same instrument used to measure the same group or people under similar conditions at two different points in time
Test-retest
Focuses on the consistency of observations
Rater reliability
Developmental process defined as a set of values, principles, behaviors, attitudes and policies that enable health professionals to work across racial populations
Cultural competence
Used to measure the variable of interest
Measurement instrument
A collective term that describes all measurement instruments used
Instrumentation
Considerations for choosing new measures
cost
practicality
quality
appropriateness
All the participants
census
some participants
sample
element or set of elements considered to be part of the sample
sampling unit
specified by a time or place
universe
those who are accessible in the sampling frame
survey populations
All individuals of the surgery population have an equal chance of being selected to survey
Probability sample
Equal chance of being selected
simple random sample
Approximate SRS
fishbowl
Use list for selecting probability sample
systematic
SRS of groups, not individuals
cluster or area
responses of several combined as a response of one
matrix
Divided into sub groups; selects SRS from strata in proportion to strength of strata in population
proportional stratfied
Used when probability can’t be used or not needed but are subject to bias
Non probability
A set of procedures used by planners/evaluators to try out various processes during program development on a small group of subjects prior to actual use
Pilot test
