Chapter 5

Question 1

A three carbon alcohol used to form triglycerides.

Answer 1

Glycerol

Question 2

Any of a class of fat related substances that contain phosphorus, fatty acids, and a nitrogen containing base.

Answer 2

Phospholipids

Question 3

A compound containing a multi ring structure and a hydroxyl group.

Answer 3

Sterol

Question 4

A waxy lipid found in all body cells.

Answer 4

Cholesterol

Question 5

A fatty acid containing no carbon Carbon double bond.

Answer 5

Saturated fatty acids

Question 6

A fatty acid containing one carbon carbon double bond

Answer 6

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Question 7

A fatty acid containing two or more carbon carbon double bonds

Answer 7

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Question 8

A form of an unsaturated fatty acid that has the hydrogenated lying on the same side of the carbon carbon double bond

Answer 8

cis fatty acid

Question 9

A form of an unsaturated fatty acid, usually a monounsaturated one when found in food.

Answer 9

Trans fatty acid

Question 10

A fatty acid that contains 12 or more carbons

Answer 10

Long chain fatty acid

Question 11

An unsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond on the third carbon from the methyl end.

Answer 11

Omega 3 fatty acids

Question 12

An unsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond on the sixth carbon from the methyl end.

Answer 12

Omega 6 fatty acid

Question 13

An essential omega 3 fatty acid with 18 carbons and 3 double bonds.

Answer 13

Alpha linolenic acid

Question 14

An essential omega 6 fatty acid with 18 carbons and 2 double bonds.

Answer 14

Linoleic acid

Question 15

Fatty acids that must be supplied by the diet to maintain health.

Answer 15

Essential fatty acids

Question 16

An omega 9 fatty acid with 18 carbons and 1 double bond.

Answer 16

Oleic acid

Question 17

A class of hormone compounds, including the prostaglandins, derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and involved in the cellular activity affecting practically all important functions in the body.

Answer 17

Eicosanoids

Question 18

An omega 3 fatty acid with 20 carbons and 5 carbon carbon double bonds.

Answer 18

Eicosapentaenoic acid

Question 19

An omega 3 fatty acid with 22 carbons and 6 carbon carbon double bonds.

Answer 19

Docosahexaenoic acid

Question 20

The intravenous feeding of all necessary nutrients, including the most basic form of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes.

Answer 20

Total parenteral nutrition

Question 21

An omega 6 fatty acid made from linoleic acid with 20 carbon atoms and 4 carbon carbon double bonds.

Answer 21

Arachidonic acid

Question 22

Damage to part of the brain resulting from rupture of a blood vessel and subsequent bleeding within or over the internal surface of the brain.

Answer 22

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 23

The major form of lipid in the body and in food

Answer 23

Triglyceride

Question 24

A breakdown product of a triglyceride consisting of two fatty acids bonded to a glycerol backbone.

Answer 24

Diglyceride

Question 25

A breakdown product of a triglyceride consisting of one fatty acid attached to a glycerol backbone.

Answer 25

Monoglyceride

Question 26

A group of compounds that are major components of cell membranes.

Answer 26

Lecithin

Question 27

A compound that can suspend fat in water by isolating individual fat droplets, using a shell of water molecules or other substances to prevent the fat from coalescing.

Answer 27

Emulsifier

Question 28

Containing products of decomposed fatty acids that have an unpleasant flavour and colour.

Answer 28

Rancid

Question 29

Butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene- two common synthetic antioxidants added to foods.

Answer 29

BHA, BHT

Question 30

The addition of hydrogen to a carbon carbon double bond, producing a single carbon carbon bond with two hydrogenated attached to each carbon.

Answer 30

Hydrogenation

Question 31

Fat digesting enzyme produced by the salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas.

Answer 31

Lipase

Question 32

A compound found in the bloodstream containing a core of lipids with a shell composed of protein, phospholipid, and cholesterol.

Answer 32

Lipoprotein

Question 33

Lipoprotein made of dietary fats surrounded by a shell of cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein.

Answer 33

Chylomicron

Question 34

An enzyme attached to the cells that form the inner lining of blood vessels.

Answer 34

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 35

The lipoprotein created in the liver that carries cholesterol and lipids that have been taken up or newly synthesized by the liver.

Answer 35

Very low density lipoprotein

Question 36

The lipoprotein in the blood containing primarily cholesterol, elevated LDL is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease risk.

Answer 36

Low density lipoprotein

Question 37

The lipoprotein in the blood that picks up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources and transfers it to the other lipoproteins in the bloodstream, as well as to the liver.

Answer 37

High density lipoprotein

Question 38

The cessation of the menstrual cycle in women, usually beginning at about 50 years of age.

Answer 38

Menopause

Question 39

Specific form of white blood cells that can bury themselves in the artery wall and accumulate LDL.

Answer 39

Scavenger cells

Question 40

A buildup of fatty material in the arteries, including those surrounding the heart.

Answer 40

Atherosclerosis

Question 41

Lipid loaded white blood cells that have surrendered large amounts of a fatty substance, usually cholesterol, on the blood vessel wall.

Answer 41

Foam cells