Chapter 4 Flashcards
Process by which plants use energy from the sun to synthesise energy yielding compounds such as glucose.
Photosynthesis
A six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form; found as such in blood and in table sugar bonded to fructose; also know as dextrose.
Glucose
A simple carbohydrate with the chemical composition (CH^2O).
Sugar
A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest; also know as complex carbohydrates.
Starch
Substance in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine.
Fiber
Simple sugar such as glucose that is not broken down further during digestion.
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet.
Simple sugar
Fructose bonded to glucose, table sugar.
Sucrose
A six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form; found in fruits and honey; also known as fruit sugar.
Fructose
Corn syrup that has been manufactured to contain between 42% and 90% fructose.
High fructose corn syrup
A six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form; closely related to glucose.
Galactose
Glucose bonded to galactose; also known as milk sugar.
Lactose
Class of sugars formed by the chemical bonding of two monosaccharides.
Disaccharide
Glucose bonded to glucose.
Maltose
The conversion of carbohydrates in to alcohols, acids, and carbon dioxide without the use of oxygen.
Fermentation
Carbohydrates containing many glucose units from 10 to 1000 or more.
Polysaccharides
A digestible straight chain type of starch composed of glucose units.
Amylose
A digestible branched chain type of starch composed of glucose units.
Amylopectin
An undigestible nonfermentable straight chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules.
Cellulose
A nonfermentable fiber containing xylose, galactose, glucose, and other monosaccharides bonded together.
Hemicellulose
A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose with a highly branched structure.
Glycogen
A viscous fiber containing chains of galacturonic acid and other monosaccharides; found between plant cell walls.
Pectin
A viscous fiber consisting of chains of galactose, mannose, and other monosaccharides; found in sea weed.
Mucilages