Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a conformational change

A

Change in structure

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2
Q

What causes ions to cross the membrane

A

[Gradient] and electrical gradient

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3
Q

Which way do ions move toward like or opposite charges

A

Toward opposite charges

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4
Q

What is polarization

A

Separation of charges

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5
Q

What does depolarized mean

A

Becoming less polarized

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6
Q

What does hyperpolarize mean

A

Becoming more charged

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7
Q

Which way do pumps move ions with or against the electric/[gradients]

A

Against gradients

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8
Q

Do pumps have a pore

A

No

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9
Q

True or False:

Ions attract water

A

True

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10
Q

What are the 2 ways ion channels are selective

A
  1. Size of pore

2. Selectivity filter

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11
Q

What size ions attract more water smaller or larger ions

A

Smaller ions

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12
Q

What is bigger with a water shell Na+ or K+ and why

A

Na+ due to smaller ion size

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13
Q

How does selectivity filtering work

A

Amino acids in the pore that attract specific ions which causes the water shell to be shed and Na+ moves through and is propelled into cell and regains water shell

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14
Q

What is the patch clamp technique

A

Take a glass pipette with ions in it and fill it with solution then place it onto cell membrane so 1 ion channel is inside of it and then pull pack on pipette making seal then release ions

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15
Q

What is the patch clamp technique used for

A

Detecting if ions are moving in or out of cells

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16
Q

What is ligand gating

A

When a molecule such as a NT binds to extracellular portion of channel causing channel to open

17
Q

What is an agonist to ligand gating

A

Drugs that facilitate postsynaptic effects causing pore to open and stay opened

18
Q

What is an antagonist to ligand gating

A

Drugs that block postsynaptic effects causing the pore to close and stay closed

19
Q

What is direct ligand gated

A

Competitive binding

20
Q

What is indirect ligand gated

A

Non-competitive binding

21
Q

What is competitive binding

A

Opposing molecules try to bind to the same location of the ion channel

22
Q

What is non-competitive binding

A

Opposing molecules bind at different locations of the ion channel

23
Q

What does endogenous mean

A

Something made within the body

24
Q

What is phosphorylation gating

A

Phosphate is bound ion channel is open if not it is closed

25
Q

What controls voltage gating

A

Positively charged amino acids inside the ion channel

26
Q

What is stress or pressure gating

A

When the ion channel experiences pressure/stretch when touched it opens the channel

27
Q

Where is the cytoskeleton attached in stress/pressure gating and what is it’s function

A

The inside of the cell membrane and it becomes taught when stress or pressure is applied opening the ion channel

28
Q

What 2 things cause ion channels to become inactivated

A
  1. Voltage

2. Ca++ binding

29
Q

When inactivated will voltage open the ion channel

A

No

30
Q

When resting will voltage open the ion channel

A

Yes

31
Q

Does the ball and chain move slowly or quickly

A

Slowly

32
Q

How long is the ion channel inactivated

A

Until it becomes repolarized

33
Q

What is the refractory period

A

The time in which the ion channel is inactivated