Chapter 3 Flashcards
True or False:
DNA is not in free linear strands it is highly condensed and wrapped around nuclear proteins in order to fit inside the nucleus
True
What is chromatin
Complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes
What are histones
Chief protein components of chromatin actin as spools around which DNA winds
What are exons
Coding regions that will be made into mature MRNA
What are introns
Noncoding region
What are the building blocks of DNA/MRNA (4)
- Thymine/Uracil
- Adenine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
True or False:
Traits are genes
False
What determine how you act, think, and your posture
Proteins
Why can’t DNA be wound tightly on histones
It isn’t able to be unzipped
What is acetylation
Acetyl groups bind to histones and unravel DNA making transcription possible
What is methylation
Methyl groups bind to DNA and promote condensed chromatin
What is transcription
DNA to MRNA
What is translation
MRNA to proteins
How are genes arranged
In chromosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes are there
23
True or False:
Each gene is located in a specific position (locus) on a specific chromosome
True
What is a diploid cell
Pairs of chromosomes are present
What is a haploid cell
Only have half a pair of each chromosome (sperm and egg)
What did Gregor Mendel determine
Physical make up of parent generation determined the proportion of physical variation in offspring
What is an allele
A version of a gene
What is a genotype
Actual gene, allele, base pairs, what protein the gene is coding for
What is a phenotype
What you see
What is a homozygote
2 copies of the same allele
What is a heterozygote
2 different alleles
True or False:
All traits have a heritable component
True
What is leptin
A hormone released from fat that tells the body there are adequate amounts of fat stores
True or False:
Most trait are influenced by many genes
True
What is concordance
Occurrence of a trait in two people
What is monozygotic
Identical twins 100% similar genetic material
What is dizygotic
50% similar genetic material (regular siblings)
Is there a debt behind nature or nurture effecting traits and why
No it is always both nature and nurture that effect traits
What is phenylalanine converted into
Tyrosine
What happens if you can’t convert phenylalanine into tyrosine
It builds up in the body eventually causing mental retardation
How can someone with a mutated gene that prevents the conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine do to prevent mental retardation
Eat a diet low in phenylalanine
