Chapter 5

Question 1

Niche

Answer 1

Position or role within a community or ecosystem

Question 2

Homologous structures

Answer 2

• Pentadactyl limb in humans, bats, whales
• Evidence of common ancestry
• Suggest reason other than function, swimming efficiency not improved by 5 fingers

Question 3

Speciation

Answer 3

An evolving population changing significantly enough so that production of offspring with the original population becomes impossible

Question 4

Transient polymorphism

Answer 4

Temporary changes in the form of a species

Question 5

Peppered moths and the industrial revolution

Answer 5

Soot+ chemicals: no lichens, soot darkened branches

• near industrial centers, carbonaria moths 95-100% peppered moths
• today 0-30% clear air act

Question 6

Variation re: natural selection

Answer 6

1. Sexual reproduction
   2 meiosis
   3 mutation
   –> a change in the environment will eliminate some not all of the population

Question 7

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Answer 7

Mutations and plasmid transfer allow genetic variation of bacteria
- use of antibiotics can lead to resistance strains of bacteria: these survive and colonies people’s bodies

Question 8

Dating fossils

Answer 8

Looking at the ratio of parent isotope (14C, 40K) to stable daughter isotope (-4N) as It takes 1 half life for 1-/2 patent

Question 9

Reptiles

Answer 9

Produce a

Question 10

Principal taxa for eukaryotes

Answer 10

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order 
Family 
Genus
Species