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Plant Prop > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

fixing the genotype

A

the process of stabilizing the genotype of a seedling population to make it homozygous so that it will breed true

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2
Q

homogenous

A

a population of seedlings that are phenotypically similar

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3
Q

heterogenous

A

a population of seedlings that are not phenotypically similar

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4
Q

homozygous

A

a population of seedlings whose genotypes are very similar

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5
Q

heterozygous

A

a population of seedlings whose genotypes are not similar

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6
Q

self-pollination

A

a breeding system in which the plant flower is pollinated by itself because of flower structure or isolation

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7
Q

cross-pollination

A

a breeding system in which the plant is pollinated by pollen from a separate genotype either because of flower structure or artificial control during pollination.

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8
Q

inbred line

A

a population of seedlings that produced a consecutive series of self-pollinations

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9
Q

hybrid vigor

A

vigor expressed by a seedling population that exceeds that of either of the parents

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10
Q

inbreeding depression

A

when inbreeding leads to reduced vigor, size, and productivity

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11
Q

another term for hybrid vigor

A

heterosis

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12
Q

dioecious

A

male and female flowers are produced on different plants

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13
Q

monoecious

A

male and female parts are on different flowers on the same plant

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14
Q

dichogamy

A

male and female parts on the same plant bloom at different times

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15
Q

floral polymorphism

A

different arrangements of flower parts

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16
Q

sexual incompatibility

A

genetic trait when pollen either fails to grow down the style or does not germinate on the stigma of a plant with the same incompatibility alleles

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17
Q

self-incompatibility

A

a form of sexual incompatibility that has evolved to prevent self-pollination

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18
Q

facultative apomictic

A

a plant in which both sexual and asexual embryos are produced on the same plant

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19
Q

obligate apomictic

A

a plant in which all of the embryos are apomictic

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20
Q

landrace

A

primitive varieties developed and maintained before the modern era of genetics

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21
Q

cultivar

A

uniform and stable population that poceses recognizably distinct characteristics

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22
Q

botanical variety

A

population originating in nature that are within one species but are phenotypically distinct

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23
Q

heirloom varieties

A

preservation of historical open-pollinated varieties

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24
Q

line

A

population of seedling plants whose genotype is maintained to a specific standard in consecutive generation

25
Q

F1 hybrid

A

first generation of a planned cross

26
Q

hybrid line

A

population that is produced by crossing 2 or more parental lines

27
Q

single cross

A

2 inbred lines

28
Q

double cross

A

two single-crosses

29
Q

top-cross

A

inbred line and open pollinated cultivar

30
Q

3-way-cross

A

single cross and inbred line

31
Q

synthetic cultivar

A

derived from the first generation of the open cross-fertilization of several lines or clones

32
Q

F2 cultivars

A

derived from open pollinated F1 hybrids

33
Q

clonal seed cultivars

A

maintained through apomictic seed production

34
Q

ecotypes

A

a genetically distinct group of plants within a species that is adapted to a specific ecological location

35
Q

cline

A

continuous genetic variation from one area to another in ecological adaptation

36
Q

provenance

A

indicates the seed origin–climactic and geographic

37
Q

elite tree

A

tree with outstanding phenotypic characteristics to be used as a seed source

38
Q

clonal seed source

A

cultivar maintained as a clone selected for producing outstanding seedlings

39
Q

selected families

A

consecutive groups of progeny trees related by origin and showing superior characteristics

40
Q

pollen sterility

A

genetic phenomenon when pollen is not viable

41
Q

methods of isolation

A

distance, cages, male-sterile plants

42
Q

roguing

A

removal of off-type plants, weeds, and plants of other cultivars in seed production fields

43
Q

genetic drift

A

change in the frequency of specific genes as a result of environmental or other types of selection

44
Q

local seed

A

seed from a natural area subjected to a restricted range of climactic and soil influences

45
Q

pure stand

A

a group of phenotypically similar seedling plants of the same kind

46
Q

phenotypic selection

A

selection of a seed source based on the phenotypic appearance of the source tree

47
Q

genotypic selection

A

selection of a seed source based on the phenotypic appearance of the seedling progeny

48
Q

high additive heritability

A

high correlation between phenotypic traits of offspring with the phenotypic traits of the parents

49
Q

low additive heritability

A

low correlation between phenotypic traits of offspring with the phenotypic traits of the parents

50
Q

pedigreed stock system

A

controlled seed production system of consecutive generations with standards to maintain genetic purity leading to commercial distribution

51
Q

phase one of pedigreed stock system

A

development phase resulting with breeders seed (primary reference for cultivar)

52
Q

phase two of pedigreed stock system

A

maintenance resulting with foundation seed or stock seed

53
Q

phase three of pedigree stock sytem

A

distribution

54
Q

seed certification

A

a system of seed production utilizing pedigree stock principles, which provides for legally enforceable standards of quality and genetic purity

55
Q

seed-collection zone

A

naturally occurring zone (forest plants) designated by elevation, latitude, and longitude that identifies a specific seed source

56
Q

seed production area

A

area of source plants specifically utilized for seed collection

57
Q

seed orchard

A

a planting used in forestry or in fruit tree nurseries to maintain a seed source as seedling populations of selected seed families or of a clone or collections of clones

58
Q

nursery row selection

A

a system of selection where specific progeny trees can be identified in a nursery row due to phenotype

Plant Prop (4 decks)

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