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Plant Prop > Chapter 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilization

A

the sexual union of a male and female gamete

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2
Q

endosperm

A

the major storage tissue in seeds.

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3
Q

where is the endosperm derived from in gymnosperms

A

haploid female gametophyte

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4
Q

where is the endosperm derived from in angiosperms

A

gamete fusion that forms a triploid (3n) storage tissue

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5
Q

define dicots

A

seedling with two cotyledons

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6
Q

monocots

A

produce only a single modified cotyledon

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7
Q

gymnosperm

A

naked seed

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8
Q

angiosperm

A

flowering plant with ovary tissue covering seed

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9
Q

seed

A

mature ovule containing storage tissue, embryo, and protective outer covering

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10
Q

where is storage tissue for dicots

A

endosperm, cotyledons, and perisperm

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11
Q

where is the storage tissue for monocots

A

starchy 3n endosperm

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12
Q

where is the storage tissue for gymnosperms

A

endosperm consisting of 1n female gamete tissue

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13
Q

perisperm

A

diploid nucellar tissue from the female plant

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14
Q

endospermic seeds

A

most monocots and gymnosperms; in dicots it is where the cotyledon growth is arrested and embryo is 1/3 to 1/2 size of seed

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15
Q

non-endospermic seeds

A

embryo digests nucellus & endosperm, cotyledons are major storage tissue

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16
Q

unclassified seeds

A

have negligible seed storage reserves and often rely on fungal symbiosis

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17
Q

pollination

A

transfer of male pollen to female stigma

18
Q

transmitting cells

A

specialized cells in the style that conduct the pollen tube to the ovule

19
Q

micropyle

A

opening between the integuments through which the pollen tube enters the ovule

20
Q

integuments

A

two layers of cells that develop between the nucellus and embryo sac and become the seed coat

21
Q

zygote

A

the result of sexual reproduction which forms the embryo

22
Q

ovule

A

develops in the nucellus and is enclosed by the intguments

23
Q

Stage 1 of seed development

A

histodifferentiation

24
Q

histodifferentiation

A

the differentiation of the embryo and endosperm mostly due to cell division

25
Q

in stage one of seed development the embryo reaches

A

the beginning of the cotyledon stage of development

26
Q

proembryo

A

the earliest stages of embryo development before the embryo and suspensor become easily recognized

27
Q

embryogenesis for dicots includes

A

proembryo, globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon

28
Q

embryogenesis for monocots inculdes

A

proembryo, globular, scutellar, and coleoptilar

29
Q

stage two of seed development

A

cell expansion

30
Q

what stage of seed development has accumulation of food reserves and is often referred to as seed filling

A

stage two– cell expansion

31
Q

at the end of what stage of seed development are seed physiologically mature?

A

stage 2

32
Q

recalcitrant seeds

A

seeds that are unable to withstand maturation drying

33
Q

what type of seeds are usual shed before reaching stage 3?

A

recalcitrant seeds

34
Q

what type of seeds tolerate maturation drying

A

orthodox seeds

35
Q

what is stage three of seed development

A

maturation drying

36
Q

what is a major characteristic of maturation drying

A

rapid water loss

37
Q

can recalcitrant seeds be germinated before drying?

A

yes

38
Q

can orthodox seeds germinate before drying

A

no

39
Q

viviary

A

germination of seeds prematurely on the plant without drying; usually from a mutation

40
Q

quiescent seeds

A

seeds that will not germinate because they are dry BUT when they are exposed to favorable conditions they will germinate

41
Q

dormant seeds

A

fail to germinate even under favorable conditions

42
Q

apomixis

A

asexual seed produciton

Plant Prop (4 decks)

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