Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

Fertilization

Answer 1

the sexual union of a male and female gamete

Question 2

endosperm

Answer 2

the major storage tissue in seeds.

Question 3

where is the endosperm derived from in gymnosperms

Answer 3

haploid female gametophyte

Question 4

where is the endosperm derived from in angiosperms

Answer 4

gamete fusion that forms a triploid (3n) storage tissue

Question 5

define dicots

Answer 5

seedling with two cotyledons

Question 6

monocots

Answer 6

produce only a single modified cotyledon

Question 7

gymnosperm

Answer 7

naked seed

Question 8

angiosperm

Answer 8

flowering plant with ovary tissue covering seed

Question 9

seed

Answer 9

mature ovule containing storage tissue, embryo, and protective outer covering

Question 10

where is storage tissue for dicots

Answer 10

endosperm, cotyledons, and perisperm

Question 11

where is the storage tissue for monocots

Answer 11

starchy 3n endosperm

Question 12

where is the storage tissue for gymnosperms

Answer 12

endosperm consisting of 1n female gamete tissue

Question 13

perisperm

Answer 13

diploid nucellar tissue from the female plant

Question 14

endospermic seeds

Answer 14

most monocots and gymnosperms; in dicots it is where the cotyledon growth is arrested and embryo is 1/3 to 1/2 size of seed

Question 15

non-endospermic seeds

Answer 15

embryo digests nucellus & endosperm, cotyledons are major storage tissue

Question 16

unclassified seeds

Answer 16

have negligible seed storage reserves and often rely on fungal symbiosis

Question 17

pollination

Answer 17

transfer of male pollen to female stigma

Question 18

transmitting cells

Answer 18

specialized cells in the style that conduct the pollen tube to the ovule

Question 19

micropyle

Answer 19

opening between the integuments through which the pollen tube enters the ovule

Question 20

integuments

Answer 20

two layers of cells that develop between the nucellus and embryo sac and become the seed coat

Question 21

zygote

Answer 21

the result of sexual reproduction which forms the embryo

Question 22

ovule

Answer 22

develops in the nucellus and is enclosed by the intguments

Question 23

Stage 1 of seed development

Answer 23

histodifferentiation

Question 24

histodifferentiation

Answer 24

the differentiation of the embryo and endosperm mostly due to cell division

Question 25

in stage one of seed development the embryo reaches

Answer 25

the beginning of the cotyledon stage of development

Question 26

proembryo

Answer 26

the earliest stages of embryo development before the embryo and suspensor become easily recognized

Question 27

embryogenesis for dicots includes

Answer 27

proembryo, globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon

Question 28

embryogenesis for monocots inculdes

Answer 28

proembryo, globular, scutellar, and coleoptilar

Question 29

stage two of seed development

Answer 29

cell expansion

Question 30

what stage of seed development has accumulation of food reserves and is often referred to as seed filling

Answer 30

stage two-- cell expansion

Question 31

at the end of what stage of seed development are seed physiologically mature?

Answer 31

stage 2

Question 32

recalcitrant seeds

Answer 32

seeds that are unable to withstand maturation drying

Question 33

what type of seeds are usual shed before reaching stage 3?

Answer 33

recalcitrant seeds

Question 34

what type of seeds tolerate maturation drying

Answer 34

orthodox seeds

Question 35

what is stage three of seed development

Answer 35

maturation drying

Question 36

what is a major characteristic of maturation drying

Answer 36

rapid water loss

Question 37

can recalcitrant seeds be germinated before drying?

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

can orthodox seeds germinate before drying

Answer 38

no

Question 39

viviary

Answer 39

germination of seeds prematurely on the plant without drying; usually from a mutation

Question 40

quiescent seeds

Answer 40

seeds that will not germinate because they are dry BUT when they are exposed to favorable conditions they will germinate

Question 41

dormant seeds

Answer 41

fail to germinate even under favorable conditions

Question 42

apomixis

Answer 42

asexual seed produciton