Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
Fertilization
the sexual union of a male and female gamete
endosperm
the major storage tissue in seeds.
where is the endosperm derived from in gymnosperms
haploid female gametophyte
where is the endosperm derived from in angiosperms
gamete fusion that forms a triploid (3n) storage tissue
define dicots
seedling with two cotyledons
monocots
produce only a single modified cotyledon
gymnosperm
naked seed
angiosperm
flowering plant with ovary tissue covering seed
seed
mature ovule containing storage tissue, embryo, and protective outer covering
where is storage tissue for dicots
endosperm, cotyledons, and perisperm
where is the storage tissue for monocots
starchy 3n endosperm
where is the storage tissue for gymnosperms
endosperm consisting of 1n female gamete tissue
perisperm
diploid nucellar tissue from the female plant
endospermic seeds
most monocots and gymnosperms; in dicots it is where the cotyledon growth is arrested and embryo is 1/3 to 1/2 size of seed
non-endospermic seeds
embryo digests nucellus & endosperm, cotyledons are major storage tissue
unclassified seeds
have negligible seed storage reserves and often rely on fungal symbiosis
pollination
transfer of male pollen to female stigma
transmitting cells
specialized cells in the style that conduct the pollen tube to the ovule
micropyle
opening between the integuments through which the pollen tube enters the ovule
integuments
two layers of cells that develop between the nucellus and embryo sac and become the seed coat
zygote
the result of sexual reproduction which forms the embryo
ovule
develops in the nucellus and is enclosed by the intguments
Stage 1 of seed development
histodifferentiation
histodifferentiation
the differentiation of the embryo and endosperm mostly due to cell division
in stage one of seed development the embryo reaches
the beginning of the cotyledon stage of development
proembryo
the earliest stages of embryo development before the embryo and suspensor become easily recognized
embryogenesis for dicots includes
proembryo, globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon
embryogenesis for monocots inculdes
proembryo, globular, scutellar, and coleoptilar
stage two of seed development
cell expansion
what stage of seed development has accumulation of food reserves and is often referred to as seed filling
stage two– cell expansion
at the end of what stage of seed development are seed physiologically mature?
stage 2
recalcitrant seeds
seeds that are unable to withstand maturation drying
what type of seeds are usual shed before reaching stage 3?
recalcitrant seeds
what type of seeds tolerate maturation drying
orthodox seeds
what is stage three of seed development
maturation drying
what is a major characteristic of maturation drying
rapid water loss
can recalcitrant seeds be germinated before drying?
yes
can orthodox seeds germinate before drying
no
viviary
germination of seeds prematurely on the plant without drying; usually from a mutation
quiescent seeds
seeds that will not germinate because they are dry BUT when they are exposed to favorable conditions they will germinate
dormant seeds
fail to germinate even under favorable conditions
apomixis
asexual seed produciton
